ITF.RMAPHRODITISM. 



737 



Tile fact itself, however wi: may explain it, 

 of the comparatively exlreme rarity of both 

 male uiul female sexual organs upon double 

 monsters seems sufficiently established by va- 

 rious eareful investigations made into tlic sub- 

 ject. Thus out of forty-two perfectly double 

 monsters which Mailer* was able to collect at 

 the time at which he wrote, there were only 

 two that were supposed to be of double sex, 

 or, in other words, that had one body male, 

 and the other female. Among double-headed 

 monsters with single lower extremities, he 

 found an hermaphroditic type more common, 

 anil adduces three examples of it. 



In re-investigating this matter, the late Pro- 

 Meckelf could discover among the nu- 

 merous class of monsters with perfectly double 

 bodies united anteriorly or laterally by the tho- 

 rax and abdomen, only one very doubtful case 

 of exception to the above general fact. In the 

 class of double monsters united in the i 

 of the pelvis he mentions two exceptional 

 cases fioni Valentin} and llasenest; of double- 

 headrd monsters with single bodies, he quotes 

 three similar cases from Leinery,|| Bacher,1f 

 and liilsius;** and of monsters with a single 

 In ad and double body he adduces two cases 

 from Hrissitusff and Condamine.it ' n which 

 in a like manner one body of the monster was 

 supposed to have female, and the other male 

 sexual orpins. Several of these cases, how- 

 ever, certainly rest upon too doubtful authority 

 and insufficient observation. 



Isidore St. llilaire has still further extended 

 the data on which the above general fact is 

 founded, by shewing that the same uniformity 

 of sex holds M O nd with respect to double para- 

 sitical monsters, 55 and even in monstrosities 

 double by inclusion. Thus out of this last in- 

 teresting class of double monsters, he alludes|||| 

 to ten distinct cases in which the sex of the 

 included being was ascertained. In six out of 

 these ten cases the including and included body 

 were both male; and in the other four they 

 were both female. 



On the whole, therefore, we must consider 

 as founded on a proper induction from the ex- 

 istui._' data, the axiom of Meckel, " Sexuum 

 ilivcrsopjin indicia in eodem organismo, quan- 

 tumvis dnplicitate peccot, mm dari, sed unum 

 tautnm ohservari."1if Hut while all the data 

 hitherto collected with regard to this subject 



one family in the different branches of which 

 twelve pairs uf twins have been liorll wiihiu ihrre 

 generations. In eleven out of these twelve pairs 

 tlie co-twins have hern of opposite sexes. 



Opusc. Anat. (1751,) p. 176. 



t De Diipliciuitf Monstr:i, p. 21. 



t Eph. Nat. Cur. l)c-c. ii. Ann. iii. p. 190. 



<S Comment. Lit. Norimb. (1743.) p. 58. 



(I M> m. do I'Acad. des Sc. lie Paris, tor 1724. 



I Kou\' Jour. J,- Med. (17HI!,') ,, 



" Bltnkun'i Coll. Moil. &c. (1680.) 



It Six Obsirvat. lie M. lirisseau, (Paris, 1734.) 

 p. 33. 



Jt Mem. dc I'Acad. des Sc.(17;!3.) p. 401. 



*>! Hist, des Anomal. dc 1'Orgamz. torn. iii. 

 235 and 38b'. 



Illl lh. p. 311. 



I De Duplic. Monst. p, 21. 

 vot . n. 



pp. 



would seem to point it thus out as one of the 

 most constant and best ascertained laws in te- 

 ratology, still we are not altogether disposed to 

 consider it with Zeviani* and J.e-anva^et !a 

 subject to no exceptions whatever. In the 

 study of monstrosities, as in the study of other 

 departments of medical science, we find many 

 general, but no universal laws. 



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* Mem. dclla Soc. Italian, torn, ix. p. 521. 

 t Mi m. sur Irs Monstr. par Inclusion (Caen, 

 Iii29) ; or Atchiv. Gen. dc Med. torn. xxv. p. 140. 



3 r 



