INSECT CASES AND BEETLE INFESTATION 331 



CASE XIII. INSECT INJURIES TO WOOD AND LEATHER, i. Sirex 

 Tunnellings in live Silver Fir. 2. " Death-watch" Beetle's Borings 

 in Oak and Beech Timber. 3. Injuries of Maggots of another 

 kind of Death-watch Beetle to manufactured leather. 



CASE XIV. INFESTATIONS PARTLY BRED IN PONDS AND DITCHES. 

 i. Water Beetles injurious, in Beetle or Grub state, but chiefly in 

 both, to young Fish in Ponds. 2. Liver-fluke of Sheep, and 

 " Pond Snails," in which it lives in its early condition. 



CASE XV. FLY ATTACKS, INJURIOUS TO CATTLE, HORSES AND SHEEP. 

 i. Forest Fly ; also Sheep Spider Fly (popularly known as "Sheep 

 Tick.") 2. Bot Flies, Common Horse Bot Fly, and Sheep-nostril 

 Bot Fly. 3. Gad or Breeze Flies. 



CASE XVI. Ox AND DEER WARBLE. i. Ox Warble Fly and Deer 

 Warble Fly, in different stages, with Maggots in spirit. 2. Piece 

 of young Red-deer's Skin, showing swellings caused by Warble 

 Maggots in the under-side. 



CASE XVII. INJURIES TO CATTLE HIDE, FROM Ox WARBLE, r. 

 Pieces of Hide, showing swellings with Maggots within, from the 

 under-side ; also perforations in the outside, leading down to 

 the Maggot-cell ; also sections of Hide, showing Channel down 

 through the Hide, and Maggot-cell cut through. 2. Pieces of 

 Tanned Warbled Leather. 



APPENDIX D (p. 182). 



Injury by Xyleborus dispar in England. 



Professor Riley, in " Insect Life " (the U.S.A. Official Ento- 

 mological Journal), says : " Miss E. A. Ormerod wrote us on 

 September 23, 1889, as follows : * . . . The beetle which is 

 considered one of the rarest of the British Coleoptera, Xyleborus 

 dispar, Fab. (formerly known as u Bostrichus" or " Apate," Fig. 

 46) has appeared in such great numbers in plum-wood in the 

 fruit grounds at Toddington, near Cheltenham, as to be doing 

 very serious injury. I found, on anatomising the injured small 

 branches, that one of the galleries which the horde of beetles 

 (packed as closely as they can be) forms or enlarges, passes about 

 two-thirds round in the wood, more or less deeply beneath the 

 bark, whilst another of the tunnels, likewise occupied with its 

 closely packed procession of beetles, was in possession of about 

 two inches of pith, so that the rapid destruction of the tree was 

 fully accounted for. The attack appears, as far as I can see, to 

 disappear usually very rapidly, but I am advising owners to 

 make sure. This disappearance, I conjecture, may arise from 

 the excessive rarity of the small male of this species. Amongst 

 about sixty $ (female specimens) which I extracted from the 

 tunnels I only found one $ (male).' " 



