38 MAMMALIA. BIMANA, 



When about an year old he begins to lisp the simplest sound's; 

 in about fifteen months he is able to walk ; speaks generally in 

 about a year and a half ; but it is not till after a long period of 

 training that the infant man is qualified to procure for himself the 

 necessaries of animal life. An intellectual as well as a physical 

 education is therefore necessary, and the foundation is thus laid for 

 one of the most natural as well as permanent bonds of attachment. 

 The equality of the sexes in number point to monogamy as the 

 kind of union most proper and natural for the human species. The 

 long education necessary permits the parents to have other children 

 in the interval ; and thus, according to Cuvier, the perpetuity of the 

 conjugal union appears to be a law decreed by Nature. The long 

 period of infantine imbecility gives rise to another natural law, 

 namely, the subordination of each individual family; and this again 

 leads, by a necessary consequence, to the whole system of social or- 

 der. This family connection, expanded in the progress of time in- 

 to the bonds of tribes and nations, has wonderfully strengthened 

 the intellectual resources of the human race ; and has enabled man 

 to subsist under every variety of temperature, and to cover the face 

 of the whole earth with beings similar to himself. 



In other respects Man appears to possess nothing resembling the 

 instinct of animals. He is not stimulated to any regular or conti- 

 nuous exertion of industry by an uncontrollable impulse. His 

 knowledge is the consequence of his own sensation and reflection, or 

 of those of his predecessors ; and from these results, transmitted by 

 language or example, and applied tohis various wants and enjoyments, 

 have originated all the arts. Language and letters, by affording the 

 means of preserving and communicating acquired knowledge, hold 

 out to the human race indefinite sources of improvement. 



Of the numerous varieties of the human race Cuvier mentions 

 three as eminently distinct, viz. the white or Caucasian, the yellow 

 or Mongolian, and the negro or Ethiopian. Blumenbach conceives 

 they may be divided into five distinct varieties, viz. the Caucasian, 

 Mongolian, Ethiopian, American, and Malayan ; and other writers 

 have farther subdivided these as their family characteristics were 

 more or less marked. 



1. The Caucasian variety includes all the Europeans, with the ex- 

 ception of the Laplanders, and the inhabitants of the western and 

 northern parts of Asia. They have the face oval ; facial angle 85 ; 

 forehead high and expanding ; cheeks colouredred; hair long, brown, 

 but varying from white to black. 



2. The Mongolian variety inhabits eastern Asia, Finland, and 

 Lapland in Europe, and includes the Esquimaux of North America. 

 They have a broad and flat olive-coloured face, with lateral projec- 

 tion of the cheek-bones ; facial angle 75 ; oblique and narrow eyes ; 

 hair hard, straight, black ; beard thin. 



3. The Ethiopian variety, inhabiting the middle parts of Africa, 

 are black in a greater or less degree, with black woolly hair, jaw pro- 

 jecting forward, thick lips, and flat nose ; facial angle 70. 



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