42 MAMMALIA. QUADRUMANA. 



Sub-Gen. 1. ORANGS, properly so called No callosities on the but- 

 tocks. 



P. satyrus, Desm. (Simla satyrus, Lin. Pongo Wormbu 3 Desm.) 

 The Great Orang-outang. Fur brownish-red ; face prolonged be- 

 fore,, nearly bare, and of a dark lead- colour; eyes small, ap- 

 proaching ; nose very flat, with two oblique nostrils ; muzzle pro- 

 jecting, ears small, resembling -those of man, but wanting the 

 lower lobe ; opening of the mouth large ; canine teeth a little 

 projecting ; the two middle upper incisors twice the breadth of 

 the lateral ones ; arms long ; nails similar to those of man, those 

 of the thumb shorter and narrower than the others ; thumb reach- 

 ing to the first joint of the index finger ; hair of the head of a 

 reddish brown; beard chesnut colour ; hair of the fore-arm direct- 

 ed towards the elbow ; breast and belly nearly bare ; no callosi- 

 ties or tail. 



The history of this animal, confounded with relations of other species, has hither- 

 to been involved in much obscurity. The animal described by naturalists under the 

 name of S- satyrus, specimens of which have occasionally been seen in Europe, and 

 the Pongo of Wurmb, seem only, as Cuvier conjectured, to be the young of the gigan- 

 tic animal described and partly figured by Dr Clarke Abel. From the measurement 

 of the shrivelled and dried skin, that gentleman makes its height to exceed seven 

 feet and a half, though the youth of the animal was ascertained by the state of its 

 teeth, and by the apophysis of the bones of its hands and feet being incompletely 

 ossified. 



" The face of this animal," says Dr Abel, " with the exception of the beard, is 

 nearly bare, a few straggling short downy hairs being alone scattered over it. It is 

 of dark lead-colour, excepting the margins of the lips, which are lighter. The eyes 

 are small in relation to those of man, and are about an inch apart. The eyelids are 

 well fringed with lashes. The ears are 1^ inch in length, and barely an inch in 

 breadth, are close to the head, and resemble those of man, with the exception of 

 wanting the lower lobe. The nose is scarcely raised above the level of the face, and 

 is chiefly distinguished by two nostrils, f of an inch in breadth, placed obliquely side 

 by side. The muzzle projects in a mammillary form. The opening of the mouth 

 is very large. When closed, the lips appear narrow, but are in reality half an inch 

 in thickness. The hair of the head is of a reddish brown, grows from behind for- 

 wards, and is five inches in length. The beard is handsome, and appears to have been 

 curly in the animal's lifetime. Its colour is lighter than that of the head, approach- 

 ing to a light chestnut. The beard is about three inches long, springing'very grace- 

 fully from the upper lip, near the angles of the mouth, in the form of mustachios, 

 whence descending, it mixes with that of the chin, the whole having at present a 

 very wary aspect. The face of the animal is much wrinkled. 



" The palms of the hands are very long, are quite naked from the wrists, and are 

 of the colour of the face. Their backs are covered with hair to the last joint of the 

 fingers, and this inclines backwards towards the wrists, and then turns directly up- 

 wards. All the fingers have nails, which are strong, convex, and of a black colour. 

 The thumb reaches to the first joint of the fore-finger. 



" The soles of the feet are bare, and of the same colour as the hands j they are 

 covered on the back with long brown hair to the last joint of the toes. The great 

 toe is set on nearly at right angles to the foot, and is relatively very short. The 

 original colour, however, of the hands and arms, and the soles of the feet, is some- 

 what uncertain, in consequence of the effect of the spirit in which they have been 

 preserved. 



" The skin itself is of a dark leaden-colour. The hair is of a brownish red. but 

 when observed at some distance, has a dull, and in some places, an almost black ap- 

 pearance ; but, in a strong light, it is of a light red. It is in all parts very long ; 

 on the fore-arm it is directed upwards. On the upper arm its general direction is 

 downwards, but, from its length, it hangs shaggy below the arm. From the shoul- 



