MASTODON. MAMMALIA. 137 



Head oblong ; forehead concave ; tusks very large ; molar teeth 

 with close parallel ridges of enamel. Larger than the Indian 

 elephant. Found fossil in Northern Europe. Cuv. Ossem. Foss. 

 2d edit. i. p. 75, pi. 11. 



An individual of this species discovered in Siberia, with the flesh and skin entire, 

 upon the melting of the ice in a hot summer, was found covered with two kinds of 

 hair, viz. a red and thick tufted wool, and stiff black bristles upon the neck and 

 spine, that upon the neck long enough to have formed a kind of mane. From this 

 circumstance, and the numerous remains of fossil elephants found all over Europe, 

 M. Cuvier conceives it to be probable that this species has formerly existed there, 

 its covering of hair protecting it from the rigours of a northern winter. Other iso- 

 lated bones, from having the remains of marine animals attached to their surface, 

 seem to imply that they had been exposed to the action of' the sea. 



Gen. 125. MASTODON, Cuv. (Fossil.) 



Incisors , canines g-, molars f-f, = 10. Molar teeth rec- 

 tangular, without cortical substance, the crown with points 

 disposed in pairs, of which the number varies. 



M. giganteum, Cuv. Mammoth of the Americans. Molars very 

 broad relatively to their length, the crown presenting, when its 

 points have been worn down by use, lozenges of enamel. Height 

 to the withers 11 feet ; tusks nine feet long; molar teeth weigh- 

 ing 11 or 12 Ibs. Fossil in N. America. 



M. angustidens, Cuv. Molars narrow and elongated, their crown 

 by use presenting discs of enamel of a trefoil form. A third less 

 than the gigantic Mastodon Found fossil in the South of Europe, 

 and at Santa Fe de Bogota, 1300 toises above the level of the sea. 



M. Cor diller arum, Cuv. Intermediate molars as large as those of 

 the great Mastodon, with crown nearly square, and trefoil-shaped 

 discs of enamel. Found fossil in S. America by Humboldt. 



M. Humboldlii, Cuv. Intermediate molar tooth a third smaller than 

 those of the great Mastodon, covered with trefoil-shaped discs. 

 Found fossil in Chili. 



M. minus, Cuv. Intermediate molar tooth narrow and elongated, 

 with trefoil-shaped discs- A third smaller than the Mastodon an~ 

 gustidens Found fossil in Saxony. 



M. tapiroldes, Cuv. Intermediate molar tooth with eminences cre- 

 nulated at their summit, and scarcely perceptibly divided into 

 two parts Found fossil near Orleans. 



FAMILY II. PACHYDERM A, properly so called. 



Three kinds of teeth in the greater number ; two at least in 

 the others ; feet terminated by four or two toes. 



1st Division. With the toes equal. 

 Gen. 126. HIPPOPOTAMUS, Lin. Cuv. Desm. Geoff. 

 Incisors , canines {-{, molars |-| = 40. Lower canines 

 much developed, forming strong tusks curved upwards ; head 



