146 MAMMALIA. HUMINANTIA. 



M. moschiferusj Lin. The Thibetan Musk. Fur of a gray brown, 

 hair coarse ; a pouch before the prepuce of the male filled with 

 an unctuous musky substance. Size of the roebuck. Inhabits 

 Chinese Tartary and other parts of Asia. Shaw, ii. pi. 171. 



M. meminna, Gmel. Desm. Fur olivaceous ash-coloured above, white 

 below ; sides and back marked with white spots. About 16 inches 

 long. Inhabits Ceylon. Shaw, ii. pi. 173. 



M. Javanicus, Desm. The Kantchil. Fur deep red brown on the 



back ; three white streaks under the throat. Size of a rabbit 



Inhabits Java. 



M. Napu, Griif. The Napu. Fur ferruginous gray above, whit- 

 ish on the sides ; five white stripes under the throat divided by 

 black ones. Size of the preceding. F. Cuv. Mam. 



M. pygmceus, Lin. Desm. Fur reddish brown above, white below. 

 About eight inches long. Shaw, ii. pi. 172. 



1st Division. Horns hollow and persisting or bony and 

 deciduous. 



1st TRIBE. Horns branched, deciduous, the new ones in- 

 creasing in size each year, always in the males, and some- 

 times in the females. 



Gen. 139. CERVUS, Lin. Cuv. Desin. 



Incisors f , canines g-g or J-J, molars - 32 or 34. Canines 

 when they exist compressed and bent back; headlong, termi- 

 nated by a muzzle ; eyes large, pupils elongated transversely ; 

 a lachrymal sinus in most ; ears large and pointed ; tongue 

 soft ; body slender ; four inguinal mammae ; horns solid, de- 

 ciduous, palmated, branched, or simple, in the males ; females, 

 with one exception, without horns. 



C. dices, Lin. The Elk. Horns spreading into a broad palm, with 

 numerous antlers upon its external border ; muzzle tumid and 

 cartilaginous ; no canine teeth ; ears long ; neck short j a tuft of 

 hair under the throat ; legs very long ; fur ashy brown or whitish. 

 Inhabits Northern parts of both continents. Shaw, ii. pi. 174. 



C. tarandus, Lin. The Rein-Deer, Horns large in both sexes, with 

 a long compressed stem, and palmated and dentated antlers ; no 

 canines ; tail short. About five feet and a-half long. Inhabits 

 the arctic circle of both continents. Shaw. 



The Rein- Deer is the only animal of the genus which has been subjugated by man. 

 The Laplanders possess numerous flocks, with which they travel according to the sea- 

 son to places where the food of the animal is most abundant. In the inhospitable 

 wastes of Lapland the rein-deer is invaluable to the poor inhabitants, and supplies 

 all their wants. Its flesh and blood is used for food, its skin forms their clothes, 

 and its tendons are split and used as thread. The castrated males are trained to 

 the sledge, and the females furnish their families with milk. The chief food of the 

 rein-deer is the Lichen rangiferinvs ; and in winter they dig the snow with their 

 feet to procure it. The rutting-season is in October, and the period of gestation is 

 thirty-three weeks. Two young are generally produced. At birth the fawns have 



