CEBVUS. MAMMALIA. 147 



little knobs on their heads, and at fifteen days old the horns are about an inch Ions;. 

 The adult males and sterile females shed their horns in winter, the breeding females 

 preserve theirs till the month of May. The castrated individuals often preserve their 

 horns for a year longer than the others. The rein-deer is not now found in Europe 

 beyond CO . N. lat., although it appears that they have formerly existed in the Py- 

 renees. They are found wild in Siberia, the Uralian mountains, along the river Ke- 

 ma to Kungus ; and the Samoiedes and Koriacs possess flocks of rein-deer like the 

 Laplanders. 



C. major, Ord. Desm. The Wapiti. Horns very large, branching 

 in serpentine curves, terminating in a fork ; brow antler over the 

 face ; muzzle broad ; lachrymal sinuses ; tail very short ; a yellow- 

 ish disc on the buttocks ; fur dun-brown in summer ; dark brown- 

 gray in winter. Larger than the stag. N.America Griff, iv. 95. 



Var. C. Canadensis. Somewhat smaller ; antlers more bent up, and colour darker. 



C. elaphus, Lin. The Stag. Horns with three anterior antlers, 

 all curving upwards, the summit forming a crown of snags from 

 a common centre ; lachrymal sinuses ; fur red brown in summer, 

 brown-gray in winter ; a pale disc on the buttocks. Inhabits Eu- 

 rope, Asia, and the north of Africa. B. Shaw, ii. pi. 177- 

 The stag sheds his horns in February, and has them renewed in July or August. 



It can eat the leaves of the yew without injury. 



Var. The Barbary and Corsican Stag. Legs shorter, and body thicker than the com- 

 mon stag. 



C. Wallichii, Cuv. Horns rather short, with two small antlers at 

 base, and another further up pointing forwards ; large suborbital 

 opening ; fur yellowish brown gray, with a disc on the croup ; tail 

 very short. Nepaul Griff. Syn. 309. 



C. hippelaphus, Desm. Horns trifurcated, basal antler on the burr; 

 lachrymal sinuses ; fur brown; margin of the lips and chin whitish ; 

 hair coarse ; a mane on the neck ; tail long, terminated by a dark 

 tuft. Size of the stag. E. Indies. 



C. unicolor, Smith. Horns long, slender ; basal antler on the burr, 

 curving upwards ; another on the stem pointing inwards ; fur en- 

 tirely brown ; throat covered with long bristly hair. Ceylon.- 

 Griff. Syn, 310. 



C. Aristotelis, Cuv. The Samur. Horns short, pointed ; a vertical 

 antler on the burr, with a fork near the summit of the stem point- 

 ing obliquely backwards ; fur blackish and dark brown ; a large 

 mane on the neck and throat, Bengal. Griff. Syn. 310. 



C. equinus, Cuv. The Malayan Rusa. Horns robust, pearled; basal 

 antler on the burr ; terminal bifurcation from the internal poste- 

 rior side of the stem, with obtuse points ; suborbital opening very 

 large ; orange-coloured disc on the buttocks, heavy mane ; ca- 

 nines in both sexes. Java. Griff, iv. 112. 



C. axis, Lin. The Axis, Pean. Horns round, elongated, rather 

 smooth ; anterior antler near the burr ; summits converging; se- 

 cond antler on the internal side of the main branch turning back- 

 wards ; lachrymal sinuses small ; fur bright fulvous, spotted with 

 white ; tail long, brown above, bordered with white. E. Indies. 

 Shaw, ii. pi. 180. 



