PARUS. BIRDS. 237 



P. Sibiricus, Gmel. Plumage gray-brown above, whitish beneath ; 

 abdomen reddish gray ; throat and upper part of the breast deep 

 black ; temples and sides of the neck white ; wing and tail-fea- 

 thers bordered with reddish. 5 inches long. Inhabits Northern 

 Europe. Tern. Man. 294. 



P. cyanus, Pall. Forehead, large spot on the neck, and all the un- 

 der parts snowy white ; top of the head shaded with blue ; a band 

 of deep blue from the bill over the eyes surrounding the head and 

 spreading upon the neck ; back, rump, and top of the wings azure- 

 blue ; wing-coverts blue, bordered with white. 5J inches long. 

 Inhabits Northern Europe. Tern. Man. 295. 



P. caudatus, Lin. Long-tailed Titmouse. Head, neck, throat, and 

 breast pure white ; top of the back, rump, and six middle feathers 

 of the tail deep black ; scapulars reddish ; flanks and abdomen 

 reddish white ; quills black ; lateral tail-feathers white on their 

 exterior webs and at the ends; tail very long, cuneiform. 5| inches 

 long. Inhabits Europe. B Selby, Illust. pi. 51, fig. 5. 



P. atricapillus, Lin. Body cinereous above, white beneath ; crown 

 and throat black ; quills brown, with exterior margin grayish. 4| 

 inches long. Inhabits N. America. Wilson, Amer. Orn. pi. 8. fig. 4. 



** First quill-*feather very short or wanting. 



P. biarmicus, Lin. (Calanophilus, Leach.) Bearded Titmouse. Head, 

 neck, and breast bluish gray, the breast with a tinge of purple ; 

 a tuft of pendant feathers between the bill and eyes; belly and flanks 

 yellowish brown ; under tail-coverts black ; nape of the neck and 

 back yellowish brown, tinged with orange ; quills blackish-gray, 

 the outer webs margined with white ; tail long and wedge-shaped. 

 6 inches long. Inhabits Europe. B. Selby, Illust. pi. 51, fig. 6. 



P. pendulinus, Lin. Top of the head and neck ash-coloured ; 

 back and scapulars reddish gray ; throat white, the inferior parts 

 whitish, with a rose tint ; wings and tail blackish, bordered with 

 reddish white ; tail-feathers terminated with white. 4| inches 

 long. Inhabits Europe. Tern. Man. 300. 



Gen. 3. EMBERIZA, Lin. 



Bill strong, short, conical, compressed, sharp edged ; the upper 

 mandible narrower than the under, the edges of both bent in- 

 wards ; nostrils basal, rounded, surmounted and partly co- 

 vered by the feathers of the forehead ; toes divided ; the 

 posterior with ashort and bent claw ; tail forked, or slightly 

 rounded. 



The Buntings feed chiefly on farinaceous seeds, but also eat insects. Most of 

 them live in woods and gardens, and nestle among bushes and thickets. Such of 

 them as are furnished with a long hind toe haunt rocks and plains. The sexes are 

 generally very different in their garb ; and some of the foreign species moult twice 

 in the year. 



* Hind claw short and hooked. 

 E. melanocephala, Scopoli. Black-headed Bunting. Top of the 



