TANACEA. BIRDS. 239 



the neck ; throat and parts beneath whitish, mixed with red on 

 the breast and flanks j tail a little forked. 4| inches long. In- 

 habits Southern Europe. Tern. Man. pi. 317- 



** Hind claw produced, slightly bent. 



E. nivalis, Lin. The Snow Bunting. Head, neck, under parts, 

 coverts of the wings, and the upper half of the quill-feathers, 

 white ; top of the back, the three secondaries, bastard wings, and 

 lower half of the quills black ; the three lateral feathers of the 

 tail white, with a black streak ; the others black, edged with 

 white ; legs black. The winter plumage is more of an ash-colour 

 or brownish. 6 inches long. Selby, Illust. pi. 52. fig. 7 



E. glacialis, Latb. ; E. mustelina^ and montana, Grael. 



The colour of this species varies as it is in its winter or summer plumage, from 

 white to brownish. In summer it inhabits the Arctic circle, but in winter it mi- 

 grates to warmer regions. The northern parts of Scotland abound with them ; and 

 they have been traced in various districts of Northumberland and Yorkshire, but 

 scarcely, we believe, farther south. Their arrival in the southern countries is sup- 

 posed to betoken a severe winter or heavy falls of snow. These birds do not perch, 

 but continue on the ground, and run about like larks, which they also resemble in 

 size, and in the length of their hind .claws. 



E. calca rata, Tern. (Fringilla, Pall. Gmel.) Top of the head black, 

 with little red spots ; throat whitish, with black streaks ; a white 

 stripe above the eyes and sides of the neck ; under parts white ; 

 wings chestnut, with two transverse white bands ; neck, back, and 

 scapulars reddish brown ; quills bordered with red ; tail slightly 

 forked ; hind claw very long. 6^ inches long. Inhabits North- 

 ern Europe Tern. Man. 322. 



Gen. 4. TANAGRA, Lin. 



Bill short, strong, triangular at the base, carinated, much com- 

 pressed at the point, which is bent ; upper mandible longer 

 than the under, and notched ; edges of the mandibles bent 

 inwards ; under mandible straight, and somewhat gibbous to- 

 wards the middle ; nostrils basal, lateral, rounded, partly con- 

 cealed by projecting feathers ; tarsus the length of the mid- 

 dle toe ; external toe joined at its base, the internal free ; wings 

 with the second and third quills longest. 



The Tanagers have the habits of the sparrow tribes, and subsist on seeds, berries, 

 and insects. Most of the species are conspicuous for the brilliancy of their plumage, 

 and all are foreign. 



T. Mississippiensis, Lath. (Pyranga, Vieill.) Plumage entirely red, 

 with the wings and tail of a darker shade ; legs reddish ; bill 

 horn-coloured. Inhabits N. America. Lath. Ind. 421. 



T.Jlammiceps.Tem. ( Pyr a nga, Vieill.) Plumage brick-red, with 

 the forehead, cheeks, and occiput red-brown ; wings brown, edged 

 with reddish ; crest of the male vermilion. 7 inches long. In- 

 habits Brazil. T<?m. PL Col. 177. 



T. magna, Tern. (Saltalor, Vieill.) Plumage above olive-brown, 

 with the forehead and cheeks blue ; stripe near the jaw black ; 



