278 BIRDS. GALLIX*. 



P. arenarius, Tern. Plumage gray yellow above, black below ; a 

 triangular black spot on the throat ; base of the mandible and re- 

 gion of the ears reddish chestnut ; a black band from the base of 

 the breast across the wings ; tail banded with gray, red, and yel- 

 low. 12 inches long. Southern Europe Tern. Man. 476. 



P. setariusj Tern. Throat black ; sides of the head and fore part of 

 the neck yellowish ash-colour ; a broad reddish orange band on 

 the breast ; head, neck, rump, and coverts of the tail banded with 

 black and yellow ; lower parts white ; two middle tail-feathers 

 long and filiform, three inches beyond the others. 10| inches long. 

 Inhabits Southern Europe. Tew. Man. 478. 



Gen. 14. SYEEHAPTES, Illig. Tetrao, Lath. 



Bill short, slender, conical ; upper mandible slightly bent, with 

 a groove or furrow along the ridge ; nostrils basal, lateral, co- 

 vered by feathers before ; feet with only three toes, directed 

 forwards, and united to the claws ; tarsus and toes covered with 

 woolly feathers; tail conical, the two middle feathers elongated 

 and filiform, as are also the first and second wing-feathers. 



S. Pallasii, Tern. (T. paradoxus, Pall.) Head and neck as far as the 

 throat hoary; chin yellowish; back undulated with gray and black; 

 abdomen black, with pale spots ; sides of the neck with a fulvous 

 spot. Inhabits Southern Tartary Shaw, xiv. pi. 37- 



Gen. 15. PEEDIX, Lath. Tetrao, Lin. 



Bill short, compressed, stout, base naked ; upper mandible ar- 

 ched, convex, strongly curved towards the tip ; nostrils basal, 

 lateral, half closed by an arched and naked membrane ; the 

 three anterior toes united by membranes to the first joint ; 

 tail composed of eighteen or of fourteen feathers, short, round- 

 ed, and slanting downwards ; wings short. 



These birds, which are stationary in some countries, and migratory in others, are 

 greatly multiplied in the warm and temperate regions of the globe, living in pairs, 

 and steady in their family attachments. The greater number frequent fields and 

 open tracts of country, but some prefer the outskirts of woods in the neighbourhood 

 of water. They feed on grain, seeds, bulbous plants, insects, and worms. They run 

 more frequently than fly, get up from the ground with an effort, and make a whirring 

 noise when on the wing. They generally have numerous broods, and the young run 

 about as soon as hatched. 



* Males with one or two spurs. 



P. francolinus, Lath. Feathers of the head and nape black, bor- 

 dered with reddish yellow ; a white band below the eyes ; a chest- 

 nut collar around the neck ; throat and lower parts black ; wings 

 brown ; back and rump banded with black and white ; legs red- 

 dish, spurs brown. 12 or 13 inches long. Inhabits Southern Eu- 

 rope Willough. pi. 31. 



** Tarsus furnished with a callosity, or entirely smooth. 



P. saxatilis, Meyer. Plumage above and breast bluish ash-coloured ; 



