TOTANUS. BIRDS. 299 



brown ash-coloured j rump and belly white ; the half of both 

 mandibles red ; the rudiment of a membrane uniting the inner to 

 the middle toe ; secondary wing-quills white the half of their 

 length. 10 inches long. Europe. B. Penn. Brit. Zool. ii. pi. 10. 



T. stagnaiilis, Bechst. Bill very long, slender, and subulate, the 

 exterior webs of the tail-feathers with two zigzag longitudinal 

 brown bands ; legs very long, greenish. 9 inches long. Inha- 

 bits Northern Europe. Tern. Man. 647- 



T. Bartramia, Wilson. Top of the head and back blackish-brown, 

 the feathers margined with yellow ; flanks banded with fine zig- 

 zag lines ; belly white ; tail very long, surpassing the extremity 

 of the wings, graduated and rounded ; bill short. 9^ inches long. 

 Inhabits North America Wilsons Amer. Orn. vii.'pl. 59, fig. 2. 



T. ochropus, Tern. Back brown-green ; base of all the tail-fea- 

 thers white for two-thirds of their length ; two or three of the 

 exterior quills white, or having a spot at their end. 8^ inches 

 long. Inhabits Europe. B. Shaw, xii. pi. 17- 



T. glareola, Tern. Wood Sandpiper. All the feathers of the tail 

 banded transversely with white and brown. 7i inches long. 

 Inhabits Europe. Tern. Man. 655. 



T. macularia, Tern. Spotted Sandpiper. Upper parts of the bo- 

 dy brown ash-coloured, slightly shaded with olive ; lower parts 

 naked, with large rounded spots. 8 inches long. Inhabits Eu- 

 rope. Shaw, xii. 19. 



T. hypoleucos, Tern. Common Sandpiper. Upper parts brown- 

 olive, with reflections ; a black stripe along the shafts ; feathers 

 of the wings and back striped transversely with zigzag bands of 

 white and blackish ; under parts white, without spots. 7 inches 

 long. Inhabits Europe. B Lewins Brit. Birds, v. pi. 172. 



* Mandibles a little, recurved, straight at the point. 



T. glottis, Bechst. Greenshank. Plumage gray-brown, with dusky 

 spots ; under cov\ rts of the wings striped with brown ; legs green- 

 ish ; bill strong, compressed at the base. 12^ inches long. In- 

 habits Europe Shaw, xii. pi. 13. 



Gen. 24. LIMOSA, Briss. Limicula, Veill. Scolopax, Lin. 



Bill very long, more or less recurved, soft and flexible, depres- 

 sed, flattened towards the tip ; both mandibles channelled 

 longitudinally ; tip dilated and obtuse ; nostrils lateral, longi- 

 tudinally cleft in the sulcus ; legs long and slender ; a large 

 naked space above the knee ; the middle toe united to the 

 outer by a membrane to the first joint, hind toe articula- 

 ted on the tarsus. 



These are tall birds, with long bills, destined to live in marshes, and on the 

 swampy shores of rivers, their soft and flexible bill being unfit for picking food from 

 the surface of ,a hard or gravelly soil, and only adapted to perforate slime or moist 

 sand. Hence they live in marshy meadows, and habitually resort to the mouths of 



