ANAS. BIRDS. 321 



and white ; bill broad ; wing band white. 17 to 18 inches long. 

 Inhabits Arctic Regions. B. Lervin's Brit. Birds, vii. pi. 250. 



A.ferina, Lin. Red-Headed Widgeon. Head and neck bright red ; 

 upper part of the back, breast, and rump black ; back, scapulars, 

 coverts of the wings, flanks, thighs, and abdomen pale cinereous, 

 with numerous zigzag lines ; bill long, with a blue transverse 

 band on the upper mandible. 16 inches long. Inhabits North- 

 ern Europe Pen. Brit. Zool. ii. 271. 



A. clangula, Lin. Golden Eye. Bill very short ; base broader than 

 the tip ; nostrils situated near the latter ; tarsi and toes yellowish ; 

 back, rump, and part of the scapulars deep black ; coverts of the 

 wings and under parts white; tail cinereous; iris brilliant yellow. 

 17 inches long. Inhabits Arctic Regions. B. Shaw, xii. pi. 56. 



A.fuligula, Lin. Tufted Duck. Body black; abdomen and spe- 

 culum of the wing white; point of the bill broader than the base; 

 nostrils near the base ; tarsus, bill, and toes bluish, membranes 

 black. 15 to 16 inches long. Arctic Regions. Shaw, xii. pi. 54. 



A. leucophthalmos, Bechst. Ferruginous Duck. Plumage dark oli- 

 vaceous, with the head, neck, and breast chestnut ; bill long ; iris 

 white; speculum of the wing white, terminated by black; a white 

 spot under the bill. 15 inches long. Inhabits Eastern Europe. 

 B. Shaw, xii. pi. 55. 



A. histrionica, Lin. Harlequin Duck. Head and neck blackish 

 violet ; a large white space between the bill and eye ; a spot be- 

 hind the eyes, longitudinal band on the sides of the neck, collar, 

 a half crescent on the sides of the breast, and part of the scapu- 

 lars pure white ; lower part of the neck and breast blue cinere- 

 ous ; flanks reddish ; belly brown ; back, wings, and rump black, 

 with green and blue reflections ; bill short, compressed ; nostrils 

 approaching. 16 inches long. Inhabits Arctic Regions. B. - 

 Shaw, xii. pi. 57' 



Gen. 12. MERGUS, Lin. 



Bill middle-sized or long, slender, in the form of an elongated 

 cone, and almost cylindrical, base broad ; tip of the upper 

 mandible much hooked, and furnished with a nail ; edges of 

 both mandibles serrated in a backward direction ; nostrils 

 lateral, towards the middle of the bill; legs short, placed 

 backwards on the abdomen, the three fore toes completely 

 webbed, the hind toe articulated on the tarsus. 



The birds of this tribe are nearly allied to the ducks, residing on the water, and 

 usually swimming with the body submerged, the head only appearing above the 

 surface. They dive frequently, and with great facility; while, by means of their 

 wings, they can advance quickly under water. They are capable, too, of sustaining 

 a protracted and rapid flight. They feed principally on fish and amphibious reptiles. 

 Their appropriate and breeding stations are in the cold latitudes, and they appear 

 in the temperate regions only in winter. The males moult in the spring, and the 

 females and the young in autumn. 



M. merganser, Lin. Goosander. Head and upper part of the neck 

 VOL. I. x 



