384 FISHES. CYCLOSTOMI. 



nal, jugal, and temporal bones. The hyoid bone, attached to this pedicle, supports 

 rays as in the ordinary fishes, and is accompanied with branchial arches. These 

 fishes have pectoral and ventral fins, the last placed backwards on the abdomen. 

 Some species of this order are viviparous, and others oviparous, the ovum in this 

 case being inclosed in a quadrangular coriaceous shell. The males have appendages 

 at the internal margin of the ventral fins, of which the use is not known. 



FAMILY I. SQUALIDES. 



Body elongated; tail thick and fleshy; pectoral fins pretty large; 

 branchial openings on the side of the neck ; eyes lateral ; 

 snout supported by three cartilaginous branches, which sup- 

 ply the place of the anterior portion of the cranium. 



Gen. 1. SCYLLIUM, Cuv. Squalus, Lin. 



Snout short and obtuse ; nostrils near the mouth, continued in 

 a furrow ; spiracular openings ; teeth notched ; dorsal fins 

 placed much behind ; branchial openings in part above the 

 pectoral fins ; caudal fin truncated at the end. 



S. canicula, Cuv. Body narrow and elongated,, reddish above with 

 numerous brown spots ; anal fin below the space between the dor- 

 sal ones. Inhabits European Seas. 3 to 4 feet long Pen. Brit. 



Zool. iii. pi. 19. 



S. catulus, Cuv. (S. catulus and stellaris, Lin.) Body cinereous, 

 streaked in some parts with red ; spots larger and less numerous 

 than in the preceding ; ventral fins united. About 2 feet long. 

 Inhabits European Seas Pen. Brit. Zool. iii. pi. 19. 



S. Africanus, Cuv. Body gray, with seven longitudinal blackish 

 bands ; anal fin placed behind the second dorsal fin. 2^ feet long. 

 Inhabits African Seas. Shaw, v. 345. 



S. denliculatus, Cuv. (S. tuberculatus , Schn.) Body gray or ash- 

 brown, with large unequal rufous spots above ; a row of tuber- 

 cles running from between the eyes to the first dorsal fin La- 



cep. i. pi. 11- fig- L 



In other foreign species of this genus, the anal fin is placed behind the second 

 dorsal ; the spiracles are excessively small ; the fifth branchial opening is often con- 

 cealed in the fourth ; and the lobules of the nostrils are generally prolonged into 

 cirri. 



Gen. 2. CARCHARIAS, Cuv. Squalus, Lin. 

 Snout prominent, conical and depressed ; nostrils under its 

 middle ; teeth in many rows, edged, pointed, and often den- 

 tated on their margin ; no spiracles ; first dorsal fin before 

 the ventrals, and the second nearly opposite the anal fin ; 

 last openings of the branchiae extending over the pectoral fins. 



C. vulgaris, Cuv. (Sq. carcharias } "Lm.) The White Shark, Body 

 pale cinereous, darker on the upper parts ; tail trilobed ; teeth 

 in the form of an isoceles triangle, with rectilineal and dentated 

 sides. 20 to 25 or 30 feet long. Inhabits all seas. Shaw, v. 

 pi. 148. 



