416 FISHES. ABDOMINALES. 



The scales of this species along with those of the Dace are used in the manufacture 

 of artificial pearls. They are beat into a fine powder, prepared with isinglass, and 

 introduced into a thin glass globule, which is afterwards filled with wax. 



L. phoxinvs, Cuv. The Minow. Body blackish green, with blue 

 and yellow variegations ; abdomen silvery ; scales small ; ten 

 rays in the ventral., anal, and dorsal fins ; tail forked and mark- 

 ed near the base with a dusky spot. 3 inches long. Inhabits 

 rivulets in Europe. B. Shaw, v. pi. 132. 



This beautiful and well-known species is frequent in clear gravelly streams and 

 rivulets in many parts of Europe. In Britain it is observed to appear in March, 

 and is seldom seen after October. The Minow is gregarious ; spawns in June, and 

 is indeed found in roe during the greater part of the summer. The Minow is easily 

 tamed, and in captivity may be taught to pick flies or filaments of beef from the hand. 

 We have kept individuals in domestication for two years and a half. 



L. erythropthalmus, Cuv. The Rud. Body broad and short, pale 

 golden olive, deeper on the back ; abdomen reddish ; tins vermi- 

 lion red ; fourteen rays in the anal fin. 8 to 10 inches long. 

 Lakes and rivers of Europe. B. Penn. Brit. Zool. iii. pi. 83. 



L. nasus, Cuv. The Nase. Body bluish silvery, with small head 

 and prominent snout ; scales large ; pectoral, ventral, and anal 

 fins red ; dorsal and caudal blackish ; fifteen rays in the anal fin. 

 12 to 15 inches long. Inhabits lakes and rivers of Northern Eu- 

 rope. Block, pi. 3. 

 This species is remarkable for the black colour of the peritonaeum or investing 



membrane of the intestines, which has occasioned a prejudice against its being used 



as food. 



L. cephalus, Penn. (C. Jeses, Donov.) The Chub. Body robust, 

 silvery, with a bluish olive tinge above ; head thick, and snout 

 rounded ; scales large, angular ; fins ferruginous, the anal one 

 with fourteen rays ; tail dull bluish. 14 to 18 inches long. Clear 

 and rapid rivers of Europe. 13. Penn. Brit. Zool. iii. pi. 84. 



L. Idus, Cuv. Body thick, silvery, with a dusky tinge on the up- 

 per parts ; head truncated ; pectoral fins yellowish ; ventral red 

 in the middle and white at the sides ; anal with the base white, 

 the rest red, and with thirteen rays. 18 to 24 inches long. In- 

 habits lakes and rivers in Northern Europe Block, pi. 36. 



L. Pomeranicus, (C. Buggenhagii, Bloch.) Body silvery, with a 

 bluish or dusky tinge on the upper parts and fins ; nineteen rays 

 in the anal fin; tail forked. 12 to 15 inches long. Inhabits 

 lakes and rivers of Germany Block, pi. 95. 



L. aspius, Cuv. Body silvery gray ; back brownish ; sixteen rays 

 on the anal fin ; lower jaw incurved larger than the upper. In- 

 habits rivers of Germany. Bloch, pi. 7- 



L. bipunctatus, Cuv. Body yellowish olive ; scales spotted with 

 black ; and a double row of black points on the lateral line, which 

 is red ; sixteen rays in the anal tin. 3 or 4 inches long. In- 

 habits rivers and brooks of Germany. Block, pi. 8. fig. 1. 



L. amarus, Cuv. Body broad, yellowish olive, with a shade of 

 silvery; seven rays in the pectoral and ventral fins, and eleven 



