J18 TUNICATA. BOTRYLLAUIA. 



ened into a long club above ; orifices at the apex, approximated. 

 Inhabits Northern seas. Cuv. Mem. du Mus. ii. pi. 2, fig. 9, 10. 



A. pedunculata, Lam. {A. clavata, Shaw.) Body with a long curv- 

 ed peduncle, ovate-elongate, the orifices lateral, remote. Inha- 

 bits Northern seas Shaw, Nat. Mis. v. pi. 154. 



Gen. 4. SALPA, Lam. 



Body free, oblong, cylindrical, truncated at both extremities or 

 one ; orifices terminal or not, one always larger, transverse, 

 with a kind of moveable opercular lip, and the other tubular ; 

 exterior tunic soft or subcartilaginous, with hollow tubercles, 

 which act as suckers, variable in number and disposition. 



The animals of this genus swim freely in the sea ; but by their lateral suckers 

 they have the faculty of attaching themselves to solid bodies, and often to one ano- 

 ther. They are found on the coasts of France, Spain, and Italy, and in the seas of 

 warm countries. 



* Body truncated. 



S. pinnata, Lam. Body oblong, subtriquetral, with two dorsal lines, 

 one white, the other yellow, and a violet line on each side of the 

 belly ; orifices distant ; envelope of one piece ; aggregation cir- 

 cular. Inhabits Mediterranean sea Lam. iii. 110. 



** Body pointed at one or both extremities. 



S. conica, Quoy and Gaim. Body conical j a prolongation at the 

 anal extremity only ; opening on the side very small Voyage 

 de L'Uranie, pi. 83, fig. 4, 5. 



S. zonaria, Lam. Body oblong, depressed, with five yellow zones ; 

 tunic whitish, hyaline ; prolongations at each extremity of nearly 

 the same size ; aggregation linear, oblique, two by two, or three 

 by three. Inhabits American seas. Lam. iii. 1 18. 



S. fusiformis, Cuv. Body small, fusiform, with the orifices on the 

 inferior surface of the body. An. Mus. iv. pi. 68, fig. 11. 



ORDER II. BOTRYLLARIA. 



Agglomerated animals, always united, and constituting a com- 

 mon mass by their reunion. 



These animals are the most imperfect of the class Tunicata, and but a vague idea 

 was formed of the aggregated masses of the minute individuals found together, till 

 Savigny, Le Sueur, and Desmarest, by their observations, demonstrated their struc- 

 ture and connections. The animals which are found thus amassed together are al- 

 most always very small, soft, irritable, and contractile, change their form with the 

 slightest movement, and, either living or dead, present great difficulties in tracing 

 their organization. Many of these animals appear to have an internal communica- 

 tion with one another. Lamarck divides this order as follows : 



1. Animals floating in a common mass in the water. Gen. Pyrosoma. 



2. Animals fixed upon marine bodies. 



a. Animals forming distinct groups, each disposed around a central cavity. Gen. 

 Botryllus, Polycydus, Polyclinum. 



