192 ARACHNIDES. PULMONARLE. 



ORDER I. PULMONARI^E. 



With an organ of circulation or heart ; branchial sacs on each 

 side of the abdomen below ; sexual organs double ; six to eight 

 smooth eyes ; two pedipalpi terminated by one or two toes, of 

 which one is always moveable ; two jaws and palpi, and four 

 pairs of feet. 



The animals of this order have four or eight spiracles for respiration ; the palpi 

 in the form of arms or claws and without generative appendages; and the abdomen 

 always covered with coriaceous skin. 



SECTION I. PEDIPALPI. 



Palpi very large ; abdomen with distinct rings, and destitute of 

 web-spinning papillae ; sexual organs at the base of the belly. 



FAMILY I. SCORPIONIDES. 



Abdomen sessile, with four spiracles below on each side, and the 

 last six segments forming a knotty tail, the last terminating 

 in a point, serving as a sting, and pierced for the passage of 

 the poison ; palpi in the form of forceps. 



Gen. 1. SCORPIO, Lin. 



Two large palpi in the form of arms, the last joint thickest and 

 in the form of forceps ; mandibles short, narrow, and didac- 

 tyle ; jaws short, rounded ; eyes six or eight ; body oblong, 

 divided into many segments, with a long knotty tail termi- 

 nated in an arched sting ; two pectinated and moveable plates 

 under the belly at the base of the abdomen ; four spiracles 

 on each side ; eight eyes and feet. 



Scorpions live on land, conceal themselves under stones or old walls, in houses, &c. 

 and shun the light. They run quickly, bending their tail in the form of an arch 

 over their back. They are carnivorous, and kill their prey with their sting. They 

 vary much in size, those of Europe being little more than an inch long, while in In- 

 dia they reach to five inches in length. The wound made by their sting is some- 

 times dangerous. The two pectinated plates at the base of the abdomen vary in the 

 number of their teeth according to the species. 



* With six eyes. 



S. Europceus, Lin. The European Scorpion. Body obscure brown ; 

 pecten with nine teeth ; wrists unidentate j hands angular, sub- 

 cordate ; legs and last joint of the tail brownish yellow. Inha- 

 bits southern Europe. Shaw, vi. pi. 130. 



** With eight eyes. Buthus, Leach. 



S. ajer, Lin. Body blackish brown, with the joints of the feet and 

 antennae white ; eight eyes ; thirteen teeth in each pecten j hands 

 subcordate, scabrous and hairy. 2^ inches long. Inhabits India. 

 Sharv, vi. pi. 130. 



S. occitanus, Lat. Pecten with twenty-eight teeth; body yellowish ; 

 tail longer than the body, with elevated granular lines. Inhabits 

 southern Europe Lat. Gen. i. 132. 



