368 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. 



cated ; antennas of the males always pectinated, and terminated by a simple fila- 

 ment. 



1. Spiral trunk very short and indistinct. 



Gen. CERURA. 



2. Spiral trunk distinct, perceptibly prolonged when unrolled beyond the palpi. 



Gen. DICRANOURA, (N. ulmi, Huber;) PLATYPTERYX. 



III. Caterpillars living always in open day, and with sixteen feet, the anal ones never 

 wanting. 



1. Spiral trunk almost none, or very short, concealed between the palpi, and use- 

 less in manducation. 



A. Caterpillars never forming a portable tube of vegetable matters. 



a. Caterpillars elongated ; upper part of the skin of the segments not forming a vault- 

 ed arch over the body. 



* All the individuals with wings proper for flight 



Gen. NOTODONTES, SERICARIA, 

 ** Females apterous, or without wings. 



Gen. ORGYA. 



b. Caterpillars oval ; upper part of the skin beginning at the second ring, forming 

 a solid arch under which the head and the first segment may be retracted ; feet 

 scaly, retractile, the membranous ones exuding a viscid fluid. 



Gen. LIMACODES. 



B. Caterpillars inclosed in portable tubes, which they form with fragments of vege- 

 tables, and bind together with their silk. 



2. Spiral trunk very apparent, projecting beyond the palpi, and proper for suction. 



Gen. CHELONIA, (Arctia, Schr. ;) CALLIMORPHA. 



Gen. Cossus, Lat. Fab. Phalcena. Lin. 

 No tongue ; exterior palpi cylindrical, pretty thick, covered with 

 scales ; antennae setaceous, as long as the head and trunk, 

 with a series of short transverse and obtuse dentations along 

 the interior side ; wings inclined. 



The caterpillars of this genus are very prejudicial to trees, gnawing the roots and 

 even their substance. Preparatory to undergoing their change into the chrysalis 

 state, they construct a cocoon with earth or the fragments of the substances -which 

 they gnaw. 



C. ligniperda, Fab. Antennae slightly pectinated ; body and wings 

 of a deep gray, and the wings with a number of small brown 

 spots and black lines. Europe, on the willow, poplar, elm, and 

 oak. 2^ to 3 inches, the extended wings. B Fab. Spec. ii. 182. 



The caterpillar of this species is smooth, of a reddish colour, with the head black. 

 It begins by perforating the bark of the trees, and afterwards makes its way into the in- 

 terior. Lyonnet has detailed the structure of this caterpillar in his " Traite Anato- 

 mique de la Chenille dn Saule" I vol. 4to. 



TRIBE III. TINEITES, Lat. 



Caterpillars with sixteen feet or more, living for the most part 

 in fixed or portable tubes, formed of the substances they gnaw 

 agglutinated together ; but some are without this covering ; 

 upper wings narrow and long, the lower broad and plicated, 

 sometimes resting horizontally on the body, or hanging al- 

 most vertically on the sides and raised upwards behind ; body 



