BOTANY. 477 



The Dicotyledonous plants with a double perianth, but with the 

 corolla formed of a single petal attached to the calyx, are included 

 in the following families : 



Caprifolieae, Lorantheae, Rubiacese, among which are arranged the Guettardaceae, 

 Cinchonaceae, Coffeaceae, and Astreae : Opercularias, Valerianeae, Dipsaceae, Com- 

 posite, subdivided into Corymbiferae, Cinarocephalae, Labiatiflorae, Chicoraceae ; 

 Campanulaceae, Lobeliaceae, Cucurbitaceaa, Gessnerieae, Vacciniese, Ericineae, Aqui- 

 foliaceae. 



Plants with two cotyledons, and the calyx and corolla monopeta- 

 lous but not attached to the calyx, or hypogynous, are, 



Myrsineae, Sapoteas, Ebenaceae, Oleineaa, Jasmineae, Pedalineas, Strychneas, Apo- 

 cyneae, Gentianeae, Bignoniaceae, Polemonideae, Convolvulaceae, Borragineas, Sola- 

 neae, Personeae, such as Antirrhineae and Rhinanthaceas ; Labiatae, Myoporineas, 

 Pyrenaceae, Acanthacese, Lentibulariae, Primulaceae, Globulariae. 



The last division of plants with two cotyledons comprises all the 

 species of which the flower has but one envelope, that is, a simple 

 perianth formed of a calyx or corolla, viz. 



Plombagineae, Plantagineae, Nyctagineae, Amaranthaceae, Chenopodeae, Polygon- 

 eae, Laurineae, Myristiceae, Proteaceae, Thymelaeae, Santalaceae, Eleagneae, Aristo- 

 lochiae, Euphorbiaceae, Urticeag, to which are united the Piperiteae and Artocarpeae ; 

 Amentaceae, Coniferae. 



The Monocotyledon ous or Endogenes, of which the fructification 

 is evident and regular, are distributed into families under the follow- 

 ing names, viz. 



Cycadeae, Hydrocharideas, Alismaceae, Pandaneae, Aroidas, Orchideae, Drymyrhizeas 

 Musaceae, IrideaB, Hemodoraceae, Amaryllideae, Hemerocallideae, Dioscoreae, Smi- 

 laceae, Liliaceae, divided into Asparageae, Trilliaceae, Asphodeleae, Bromelieae, and 

 Tulipaceae ; Colchicaceas, Commelineae, Palmae, Junceae, Typhaceae, Cyperaceae, 

 and Gramineae. 



Four families of plants regarded as Monocotyledonous have no 

 visible flowers, and are termed Cryptogamous. These are the Equi- 

 setacece, Marsilacece, Lycopodinece, and Filices. 



On the uses of Plants in the economy of Nature much has 

 been written, and much remains to be discovered. The family 

 of Fungi furnish many agreeable substances for the table, al- 

 though some species are poisonous. Those which are so owe 

 this quality to an acrid principle which dissolves easily in boil- 

 ing water, and is destroyed by vinegar. The greater part of 

 the agarics with a milky juice are dangerous. 



Fungi of all kinds appear intended to hasten decomposition 

 of organized bodies, particularly vegetables ; and many minute 

 species are found on decayed wood stalks of plants and leaves. 

 Among the Algae, some afford by burning an impure soda 

 or kelp, employed in soap-making and in the manufacture of 

 glass, and many of the lichens furnish a colouring matter 

 used in dying. Mosses have not been turned to much ac- 



