110 THE STRUCTURE AND WORK OF THE STEM 



root, is a world-known commodity, beet-sugar production having 

 greatly increased in recent years. Maple sugar is a well-known 

 commodity which is obtained by boiling the sap of sugar maple 

 until it crystallizes. Over 16,000 tons of maple sugar is obtained 

 every spring, Vermont producing about 40 per cent of the total 

 output. 



The following table shows the proportion of foods in some of the 

 commoner roots and stems : 



Budding. We have said a bud is a promise of a branch ; it 

 may be more, the promise of a new tree. If the owner of an apple 

 or peach tree wishes to vary the quality of fruit borne by the tree, 

 he may in the early fall cut a T-shaped incision in the bark and then 

 insert a bud sur- 

 rounded with a 

 little bark from 

 the tree bearing 

 the desired fruit. 1 

 The bud is bound 

 in place and left 

 over the winter. 

 When a shoot 

 from the embed- 

 ded bud grows 



out the follow- 



1 This bud should 

 be taken from a tree 

 of the same species. 



Steps in Budding. 



(a) twig having suitable buds to use ; (b) method of cutting 

 out bud ; (c) how the bark is cut ; (d) how the bark is 

 opened ; (e) inserting the bud ; (/) the bud in place ; 

 (0) the bud properly bound in place. 



