RESULTS OF IMMUNITY-ANAPHYLAXIS 157 



All these animals at first become less active and vigorous 

 and often succumb to internal hemorrhages caused by a 

 rupture of the liver. At autopsy in a certain number of 

 immune horses A. Petit and G. Loiseau 1 found the following 

 lesions: "marked changes in the hemolymphatic organs, 

 which are the seat of definite hyperplasia (spleen and bone 

 marrow); the endocrin glands show evident signs of hyper- 

 secretion; the liver and especially kidney show quite definite 

 lesions." 



The results of repeated injections of foreign proteins into 

 the tissues and organs of guinea-pigs have recently been 

 studied by W. T. Longcope 2 and by T. Harris Boughton 3 who 

 found degenerative lesions of the small arteries in nearly all 

 organs excepting the lungs: The lesion begins with edema 

 of the endothelium, followed by granular degeneration and 

 vacuolization of the cells with rupture of the intima. The 

 nuclei may disappear (be expelled). Then comes a stage of 

 regeneration with increase in the number of endothelial 

 nuclei. The edema reaches the internal elastic layer which 

 may rupture. This swelling and undermining may extend 

 to the whole of the middle coat. There is no connective- 

 tissue proliferation. The more serious lesions are found in 

 the liver in the animals killed by shock or which died during 

 the week following the last injection of protein. Longcope 4 

 also has described very important and interesting lesions 

 consisting of round-cell infiltration, degeneration and finally 

 necrosis with scar formation especially in the heart, kidneys 

 and liver of rabbits repeatedly injected with egg-white. 



In order to understand the nature and the pathogenicity 

 of the morbid manifestations which an organism so treated 

 may undergo, two phenomena must be taken into account: 



1. The presence of the antibody in the blood and tissues. 



2. The production of this antibody in excess by the cells 

 of certain organs. 



1 Bull. Biolog. Soc., May 26, 1908, p. 869. 



2 The Relationship of Chronic Protein Intoxication in Animals to Ana- 

 phylaxis, Jour. Exper. Med., 1915, xxii, 793. 



3 Vascular Lesions in Chronic Intoxication by Proteins, Tr. Chicago 

 Pathol. Soc., April, 1917, x, 156-157. 



4 Loc. cit. 



