CHATTER XII. 



GENERAL SUMMARY: THEORETICAL 

 DEDUCTIONS. 



1. THE work of Pasteur, of his pupils, and successors on 

 pure cultures and on the specificity of germs in infectious 

 diseases have led to the practice of specific preventive vaccina- 

 tion with bacterial cultures of attenuated virulence or with 

 sterilized bacterial bodies. 



2. The work of Roux and Yersin and of Behring and 

 Kitasato (1889-93) on bacterial toxins and antitoxic sera 

 has resulted in the practice of specific serum therapy in ill- 

 nesses caused by toxins (diphtheria, tetanus, certain kinds 

 of pneumonias, of dysenteries, etc.). 



3. The work of Hayem (1885-1890), Kraus (1897), 

 Belfanti and Carbone (1898), J. Bordet (1898), Ehrlich 

 (1899), and others, on the reactions caused in the animal 

 organism by repeated injections of blood serum, bacterial cul- 

 tures and of other heterogeneous albuminoid liquids, have 

 resulted in: 



(a) The conception and application in medical practice 

 of Wright's specific vaccinotherapy in the treatment of acute 

 infectious diseases. 



(6) The discovery of Charles Richet's anaphylaxis (1902) 

 and the practical application of the specific anaphylaxis of 

 Besredka and Steinhardt (1907). 



4. At the same time the researches of Schmidt Mulheim 

 (1880) on peptones of Roger and Josue, Delezenne and Beso 

 (1893-1895), Gley and Le Bas, Ancel and Bouin (1897-1907), 

 and others on organ extracts have led to non-specific tachy- 

 phylaxis; the researches of Widal and his collaborators, 

 Abrami, Brissaud, Lermoyez, and others, on paroxysmal 

 hemoglobinuria ; of Nolf, James W. Jobling, Pagnez and 



