348 MAN --AN ADAPTIVE MECHANISM 



gaseous by-products of energy transformation; the 

 kidneys eliminate the acid salts in solution ; the liver 

 reduces the acid by-products to render them suitable 

 for elimination by the kidneys ; the adrenals measur- 

 ably govern the liver and perhaps the oxidation process 

 required for the reduction of acid by-products. Oxygen 



A. B. c. 



Section of normal liver Section of liver of a Section of liver of a 



of a dog. dog after double adre- dog after double adre- 



nalectomy. nalectomy followed by 



injections of sodium 



bicarbonate. 



FIG. 84. THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT ON THE LIVER OF A DOG OF INJEC- 

 TIONS OF AN ALKALI AFTER DOUBLE ADRENALECTOMY. 



Note the disappearance of cytoplasm and of nuclei from B as compared 

 with the normal and numerous nuclei and the conserved cytoplasm in C. 



(From photomicrographs, X 1640.) 



is apparently necessary in some way to acid elimina- 

 tion, just as oxygen is necessary to energy transforma- 

 tion. Adrenin also is necessary to both. 



Let us examine some of the phenomena of normal 

 and pathologic activation in the light of this hypothesis 

 that acidity is the cause, rather than the result, of death ; 



