ORGANIC MEDICINAL CHEMICALS 37 



Hydroxylamines and hydrazines are compounds derived re- 

 spectively from hydroxylamine and hydrazine as the amines are 

 derived from ammonia thus, methyl-hydroxylamine, NH 2 OCH 3 ; 

 methyl-hydrazine, CHs-NHNH 2 . 



(/) Metalloid compounds: Phosphorus, arsenic, etc. 



Phosphines are compounds derived from phosphine as the 

 amines are derived from ammonia thus, methyl phosphine, 

 CH 3 PH 2 . 



Arsines are compounds derived from arsine in the same man- 

 ner, trimethyl arsine, (CH 3 ) 3 As. Among the derivatives in this 

 class are the cacodyles. 



(g) Metallic compounds are combinations of the alcohol rad- 

 icals with the metals thus, zinc methyl, Zn(CH 3 ) 2 ; zinc ethyl, 

 Zn(C 2 H B ) 2 . 



5. ALDEHYDES AND KETONES are substances which result from the oxi- 



dation of primary and secondary alcohols respectively, with 

 the separation of two atoms of hydrogen. Thus, aldehyde, 

 (CH 3 CHO), characterized by the group -COH; acetone dimethyl- 

 ketone, CH 3 -CO-CH 3 , characterized by the group = CO. 



Oximes are compounds derived from aldehydes and ketones 

 by replacing the oxygen with the group = NOH. Thus, 

 aldoxime, CHy-CH = NOH; ketoxime, (CH 3 )C 2 = NOH. 



6. ACIDS are oxidation products of the primary alcohols and the corre- 



sponding aldehydes, and contain the characteristic group, 

 -COOH, the hydrogen of which is replaceable by a metal to form 

 a salt. Acids may be monobasic, dibasic, tribasic, etc., as 

 they contain one or more of these groups thus, acetic acid, 

 CH 3 -COOH; oxalic acid, COOH-COOH, etc. 



7. DERIVATIVES OF ACIDS. (a) Esters are compounds formed by replac- 



ing the typical hydrogen of an acid by an alcohol radical thus, 

 acetic ether (ethyl-acetic-ether, ethyl-acetate), CH 3 -COOC 2 H5. 



(6) Halogen Derivatives. i. Substitution products in which 

 the halogen replaces the hydrogen of the alcohol radical thus, 

 monochlor-acetic acid, CH 2 C1COOH. 



2. Chlorides of the Acid Radicals. The halogen replaces 

 the hydroxyl (OH) of the acid group thus, acetyl: chloride, 

 CH 3 COC1. 



(c) Acid Anhydrides. Two molecules of an acid combined 

 with the loss of water thus, acetic acid anhydride, (CH 3 CO)zO. 



(d) Thio-acids and Anhydrides. Oxygen of the acids sub- 

 stituted by sulphur thus, thiacetic acid, CH 3 COSH. 



(e) Amido Acids. Compounds formed (i) by the replacement 

 of the hydrogen of ammonia by acid radicals thus, glycocoll 

 (amido acetic acid), CH 2 (NH 2 )COOH. 



