38 ORGANIC MEDICINAL CHEMICALS 



(2) Acid Amides. Compounds formed by replacing the OH 

 of the acid by the amido group, NH 2 thus, acetamide, CH 3 - 

 CONH 2 . 



8. CYANOGEN COMPOUNDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES. Those compounds 



derivable from cyanogen, C2N 2 ; hydrocyanic or prussic acid, 

 HCN; potassium ferrocyanide, K 4 Fe(CN) 6 ; ethylthiocyanate, 

 C 2 H 5 SCN. 



9. CARBONIC ACID DERIVATIVES. Compounds derivable by substitution 



from carbonic acid (H 2 CC3) thus, ethyl carbonate, CO(OC2- 

 Hs) 2 ; carbon oxychloride (phosgene gas), COC1 2 ; carbamide 

 (urea), CO(NH 2 ) 3 ; guanidine, CNH(NH 2 ) 2 ; uric acid, xan thine, 

 etc. 



10. CARBOHYDRATES. Compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen con- 



taining two atoms less of hydrogen than the corresponding poly- 

 atomic alcohol. Chemically, they are aldehyde alcohols or 

 ketone alcohols. 



The principal groups are: 



1. Grape sugar group, C 6 Hi 2 O 6 . 



2. Cane sugar group, Ci 2 H 22 On. 



3. Cellulose group, (CeHnOs)*. 



TRANSITION TO THE AROMATIC COMPOUNDS 







1. Polymethylenes are compounds containing three or more methyl- 



ene (CH 2 ) groups joined in a ring thus, tri-methylene, 

 CH, 



H 2 C CH a 



2. Furfurane, thiophene, and pyrrol are compounds in which four 



carbon atoms with one atom of either oxygen, sulphur, or 



HCCH 

 I! II 

 nitrogen are joined in a ring thus, furfurane, HCCH; thio- 



O 

 HC CH HC CH 



II II II II 



phene, HC CH; pyrrol, HC CH. 



S NH 



3. Azoles contain two or more atoms other than carbon in a ring; and 



may be considered as derived from furfurane, thiophene, and 



C C 



pyrrol by replacing = CH- by =N-, thus, pyrazole, C N; 



ira 

 o=c CH 



antipyrine (phenyldimethylpyrazolon), C e HBN CCH 3 . 



N.CH 3 



