52 CLASSIFICATION OF VEGETABLE DRUGS 



DERIVED FROM THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM 



(With Brief Description) 



NOTE. Drugs marked N.F. were transferred from U.S.P. viii to National 

 Formulary. 

 I. PHANEROGAMS. 

 A. Subterranean or Underground Organs. 



i. ROOTS 



(a) MONOCOTYLEDONOUS ROOTS: 



Orange, brown, thick, mealy or horny cortical layer, separated 

 from the wood-bundles by the nucleus sheath; broad central 

 pith, Sarsaparilla, 58 



(b) DICOTYLEDONOUS ROOTS: 



a. Fleshy, with thin bark. 



In transverse slices,* externally grayish-brown; twisted and 



irregularly matted wood fibers; light and spongy meditullium, 



Sumbul, 400 

 Irregular pieces; reddish-yellow; narrow medullary rays, producing 



mottled appearance (rhizome, U.S.P. 1900), Rheum, 120 



Externally grayish; fibrous; small, narrow, radiating wood-bundles 



in concentric cirlces, Phytollacca, 126, N.F. 



With thick bark. 

 Subcylindrical, grayish-brown, narrow wood- wedges and medullary 



rays; porous meditullium, Stillingia, 304 



White; wood-bundles small, scattered; narrow medullary rays, 



Althea, 341 

 Externally dull gray; wood-bundles near the center small and 



scattered; distinct cambium, Belladonna, 503 



Yellowish Brown. See Rhizomes, Scopola, 506 



In sections, externally brown; small, yellow wood-bundles, radiate 



near the bark; dark cambium, Calumba, 156 



Gray-brown; white bark, containing numerous concentric circles of 



lacitiferous vessels; yellow, woody center, Taraxacum, 553 



Sometimes sliced longitudinally; gray -brown, internally lighter; 



meditullium spongy; radiate, with broad medullary rays, 



Lappa, 558, N.F. 

 Hard, somewhat fusiform, brownish; wood-wedges and medullary 



rays narrow, radiate; resin ducts in circles, Pyrethrum, 555 



Sometimes in longitudinal slices; yellowish-brown; meditullium 



spongy; medullary rays, indistinct; distinct cambium (root and 



rhizome), Gentian, 441 



Yellowish-gray, keeled when dry; wood porous; fine medullary rays; 



whitish inner bark excessively developed on one side, Senega, 302 

 Grayish to reddish-brown, usually twisted, deeply longitudinally fur- 

 rowed, marked by distinct root scars, otherwise nearly smooth, 



Scammonii Radix, 462 



b. Woody, with thin bark. 



Generally in sections; brownish-yellow, with purplish longitudinal 

 lines; thin cork; porous wood- wedges; broad medullary rays 

 (root and rhizome), Gelsemium, 438 



Rust-brown; thick cork; very narrow medullary rays (very 

 astringent), Krameria, 301, N.F. 



Tortuous, subcylindrical pieces; wood- wedges arranged in concentric 



circles, separated by compressed stone cells Pareira, 157, N.F. 



With thick bark. 



Brownish color, internally tawny yellow, thin cork; narrow wood- 

 wedges; distinct medullary rays, Glycyrrhiza, 230 



Light brown; wood porous; thin cork; numerous narrow medullary 

 rays (rhizome, U.S.P. 1900), Apocynum, 446, N.F. 



.* When not otherwise stated, roots in this list are cylindrical in form. 



