CLASSIFICATION OF VEGETABLE DRUGS 53 



Blackish color; thick bark; meditullium radiate, distinct medullary 

 rays, Ipecac, 530 



2. RHIZOMES 



(a) MONOCOTYLEDONOUS: 



a. With rootlets. 



Obconical, but usually in slices; internally whitish, with dark dots; 



wood bundles short, curved, inclosed by wavy nucleus sheath; 



benumbing, acrid, bitter taste, 



Veratrum Viride 60, and V. Album, 60 a 

 Whitish, irregular pieces; parenchyma thin- walled; small number of 



vascular bundles within a thick-celled nucleus sheath, 



Flores and Radix, Convallaria, 59, N.F. 

 Brownish color; deep stem scars on upper side; rather thick bark; 



wood-bundles scattered, distinct toward the center; nucleus 



sheath indistinct, Cypripedium, 84, N.F. 



b. Without rootlets. 



Buff color; flattish, lobed on one side; resin cells scattered through 

 the parenchyma; wood-bundles both sides the nucleus sheath, 



Zingiber, 78 



Light yellow, straw-like, hollow; cortical zone thick, composed of 

 large-celled parenchyma, and containing about six wood-bundles 

 near the outer surface Triticum, 37 



(6) DICOTYLEDONOUS RHIZOMES: 



a. With rootlets. 



Brown; thin bark covered with a thin cork; vascular bundles small, 



inclosing a thick pith; odor disagreeable, Valerian, 543 



Yellow-brown; bark thin; wood- wedges largest on the lower side; 



large-celled pith near top of rhizome, Serpentaria, nS 



Internally bright reddish-yellow; thick bark; narrow wood- wedges; 



broad yellow medullary rays, inclosing large pith,. . Hydrastis, 134 

 Brownish black, internally whitish; thick bark; narrow wood- wedges 



and medullary rays; large pith; wood- wedges of the rootlets form 



"Maltese cross," Cimicifuga, 133 



Blackish-brown; bark thin; wood in one or two circles, inclosing 



a large, angular pith, usually about six-rayed, .Leptandra, 521, N.F. 

 Purplisk-brown; bark thin; wood whitish, and arranged in a circle, 



thickest on lower side ; pith dark-colored or decayed, . Spigelia, 439 

 Yellowish-brown; tough (root and rhizome), Berberis, 165, N.F. 



b. Without rootlets. 



Orange-brown; bark thick; wood-wedges short, forming a circle and 



inclosing a large pith, . Podophyllum, 161 



Yellowish-brown to dark brownish gray, indistinctly radiate wood, 



horny center, Scopola, 506 



Reddish-brown; internally whitish, usually with small red dots; 



bark thin; small vascular bundles in loose circle; large pith; 



numerous resin cells in parenchyma, Sanguinaria, 185 



Brown, internally brownish-red; thin bark; wood- wedges small, 



forming distinct circles near cambium; medullary rays broad; 



large central pith, Geranium,. 266, N.F. 



Aspididium, Male Fern Rhizome. (See Cryptogams, II), 12. 



3. TUBERS 



(a) DICOTYLEDONOUS: 



Dark brown, with lighter colored warts; bark thin, with a dense 

 zone of resin cells on the inner surface; vascular bundles small 



and indistinct, concentric circles of resin cells, Jalapa, 460 



Dark brown, wrinkled; thick bark; cambium about seven-rayed; 

 small vascular bundles at termination and base of ^cambium, 

 rays; large-celled pith (tuberous root), Aconitum, 146 



