54 CLASSIFICATION OF VEGETABLE DRUGS 



4. BULBS 

 (a) MONOCOTYLEDONOUS: 



Pear-shaped, y ellow- white ; usually in scales; parenchyma thin- 

 walled, with numerous raphides, and traversed by parallel vascular 

 bundles and lactiferous ducts, Scilla, 67 



5. CORMS 



(a) MONOCOTYLEDONOUS: 



Ovoid, with groove on one side, often in transverse slices; uniform 

 in shape; mostly parenchymatous tissue, containing occasional 

 raphides; vascular bundles numerous, scattered, 



Colchici Cormus, 68 

 B. Overground Stems. 



a. HERBACEOUS. 



6. HERBS 



(a) DICOTYLEDONOUS: 



a. Petals distinct. 



Leaves small, trifoliate; stems pentangular, nearly smooth; as 

 found in market, drug consists mostly of the greenish-brown 

 stems, free from leaves (tops of the plant), Scoparius, 246 N.F. 



b. Petals united. 



Leaves opposite, lanceolate, united at base; the drug consists of 

 broken fragments of dark green leaves, with downy, resin-dotted, 

 lower surface, Eupatorium, 574 N.F. 



Leaves smooth, light green; florets yellow; the drug consist of frag- 

 ments of leaves, stems, and flower-heads with stiff, resinous bracts, 



Grindelia, 576 



Leaves ovate, alternate, pale green; stems furrowed, hairy; flowers 

 small, pale blue; capsules thin and papery, Lobelia, 552 



Leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, sharply serrate; flowers purplish, 

 in terminal, conical spikes, Mentha Piperita, . . 473 



Leaves nearly sessile, lance-ovate; flowers in terminal acute spikes, 

 aromatic, Mentha Viridis, 474 



Leaves opposite, oblong-ovate; flowers small; axillary cymules, 

 aromatic, Hedeoma, 475 



Leaves opposite, lance-ovate, serrate; flows axillary, one-sided 

 racemes; stem quadrangular, smooth, 



Scutellaria, 478 N.F. 



c. Petals absent. 



Leaves opposite, sessile, ovate; flowers numerous, small; whole 

 plant smooth, pale brown, inodorous, Chirata, 443 N.F. 



Leaves digitate, with lancelinear leaflets; the drug in market consists 

 of leafy tops and flowers, often contains nearly ripe fruit, all form- 

 ing brownish-green, resinous mass, Cannabis Indica, 112 



0. WOODY. 



7. BARKS 



(a) BAST WITH ISOLATED BAST CELLS: 



Bast fibers short, in radial lines or small groups; inner bark reddish- 

 brown, finely striate; cork cells thin- walled, Cinchona, 532 



(b) BAST RADIALLY STRIATE: 



Long, closely rolled quills composed of many papery, yellowish- 

 brown layers; smooth outer surface composed of stone cells; 

 wood-bundles in wavy lines; no outer bark, 



Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, 167 



Corky layer present, gray-brown with numerous white patches on 

 the surface; an almost uninterrupted line of white striae near 



cork, Cinnamomum Saigonicum, 169 



Irregular fragments, deprived of gray corky layer; bright rust 

 brown; bast fibers few; light medullary rays in inner layer, 



Sassafras, 170 N.F. 



