SABINA 89 



branchlets, clothed with alternate pairs of minute, opposite, scale-like leaves, 

 appressed (more pointed and divergent in older twigs) ; each scale has a shallow 

 groove and a conspicuous, depressed oil-gland in the back. The berry-like 

 cone fruit is about the size of a pea, situated on a short, recurved pedicel, 

 and covered with a bluish bloom; it is dry, but abounds in essential oil, and 

 contains from i to 4 small, bony seeds. Odor strong, balsamic; taste bitter 

 and acrid. Adulteration: Red cedar tops (20). 

 Powder. Yellowish-brown. The microscopic elements consist of: Tracheids 



with bordered pits; parenchyma with numerous stomata; long bast fibers and 



starch grains. 



CONSTITUENTS. Tannin, resin, gum, etc., and a volatile oil (19 a) (2 per cent, 

 in tops, 10 per cent, in berries) having the same composition as oil of 

 turpentine. 



ACTION AND USES. Savine is an irritant, acting especially as a uterine stimulant; 

 also diuretic, emmenagogue, and vermifuge. Dose: 5 to 15 gr. (0.3 to I 

 Gm.). It is used externally in ointment as a stimulant dressing for bruises. 



19 a. OLEUM SABINJE. OIL OF SAVINE. A nearly colorless, sometimes yellow, 

 limpid, volatile oil, having a strong, terebinthinate odor, and a bitterish, 

 intensely acrid taste. It has the same composition as oil of turpentine. 

 Dose: I to 5131 (0.065 * -3 mils). 



20. JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA. The tops of the red cedar, or American saivne, 

 are often used to adulterate savine, from which they can scarcely be recog- 

 nized except by difference in taste and smell. The galbulus of the false 

 variety is borne on an erect pedicel. 



21. Pinus Alba N.F. Lin. WHITE PINE. The inner bark of Pinus strobus 



(Weymouth Pine), from eastern and central North America. In flat pieces 

 about 6 inches long by 3 inches in width and ^4 inch in thickness. Bark 

 brittle, fracture irregular, not fibrous, but showing several woody layers. 

 Reddish-brown streaked with gray outside; inner, yellowish blotched with 

 light brown; bland odor; mucilaginous, slightly bitter and astringent taste. 



PROPERTIES. Those of balsamic preparations generally. 



USES. An emollient and expectorant in chronic affections of air-passages. 

 Dose of fluidextract: ^ to I fluidrachm (2 to 4 mils). 



21 a. PINUS MONTANA MILLER. Pinus Pumilip Haenke Dwarf Pine. Prom 

 the fresh leaves of this dwarf pine a volatile oil is obtained which is official in 

 the U.S.P. IX as Oleum Pini Pumilionis, Oil of Dwarf Pine Needles. It is 

 employed as an inhalent in catarrh of the respiratory passages, chronic laryn- 

 gitis and bronchitis; used locally in treatment of chronic rheumatic affections 

 and when added to ether allays irritation and diminishes bronchial secretion. 



22. THUJA N.F. ARBOR VIT*:. The leafy tops of Thu'ja occidentals Linne", a 



North American evergreen tree. Small flattened twigs having a scalloped 

 appearance, due to the flat, lateral leaf-scales, each of which has an oil- 

 gland near its apex; the other leaves folded lengthwise, boat-shaped, mostly 

 glandless; odor balsamic, somewhat terebinthinate; taste pungently aromatic, 

 camphoraceous, and bitter. The medicinal properties of Thuja depend 

 mainly upon a volatile oil. It resembles savine in its general action. Dose: 

 15 to 60 gr. (i to 4 Gm.), in infusion or fl'ext. 



23. JUNIPERUS, N.F. JUNIPER BERRIES. The fruit of Junip'erus commu'nis 

 Linn6, an evergreen shrub or small tree inhabiting the Northern Hemi- 

 sphere, bearing small cones, the scales of which coalesce in threes, become 

 fleshy, and ripen into the so-called berry. These berries or fruits are globular, 

 about the size of a large pea, with a triangular depression at the top caused 

 by a three-rayed furrow where the scales are united; at the base are a few 

 small scales, remnants of undeveloped whorls; externally of a glossy, purplish- 

 black color, covered with a grayish bloom; they contain a brownish-yellow 

 pulp with oil-glands, in which are imbedded three small, bony, angular seeds, 

 also covered with large oil-glands; odor disagreeably aromatic, balsamic; 



