90 PINACE.E 



taste sweetish, warm, and balsamic, slightly bitter. The Smyrna berry from 

 /. phcenicea Linn6, yields an oil of greater optical activity. 



CONSTITUENTS. Volatile oil, most abundant in the full-grown green 

 berries, being partially converted into resins on ripening, entirely so in the 

 dead-ripe, black berries; also juniperin, sugar (15 to 30 per cent.), wax, fat, 

 proteids, mucilage, etc. Their virtues are extracted by water and alcohol. 



ACTION AND USES. Stimulant and diuretic, chiefly used as an adjuvant 

 to more powerful diuretics in dropsical complaints. Dose: 15 to 60 gr. 

 (i to 4 Gm.), in infusion, water spirit, etc., the volatile oil, however, ob- 

 tained from the wood and branches, being principally used. They are 

 largely used in the manufacture of gin, which owes its diuretic properties 

 to them. 



23 a. OLEUM JUNIPERI, U.S. OIL OF JUNIPER. A colorless or green- 

 ish-yellow volatile oil, with a strong, terebinthinate odor and a hot, 

 acrid taste. Specific gravity 0.850 to 0.865. It consists of pinene, 

 CioHie, cadinene, and juniper camphor. 



OFFICIAL PREPARATIONS. 



Spiritus Juniperi (5 per cent.) Dose: 30 ITR (2 mils). 



Spiritus Juniperi Co. (0.4 per cent.) Dose: 2 fldr. (8 mils). 



24. OLEUM CADINUM. OIL OF CADE 



(Oleum Juniperi Empyreumaticum) 

 JUNIPER TAR OIL 



An empyreumatic, oily liquid obtained from the heart-wood of Junip'erus 

 oxyce'drus Linn, by dry distillation in ovens. 



BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS. A tree 10 to 12 feet high, with spreading top and 



drooping twigs. Leaves awl-shaped. Fruit globular, reddish-brown, about 



the size of a filbert. 

 HABITAT. Mediterranean Basin. 

 DESCRIPTION OF DRUG. A brownish or dark brown, oily liquid, less 



thick and more mobile than tar, having a tarry but characteristic 



odor, and an aromatic, bitter, and acrid taste. 

 ACTION AND USES. Used mostly externally in the treatment of cutaneous 



diseases and as an insecticide in the form of liniments, ointments, 



or soaps. Dose: 3 igj (0.2 mil). 



25. TSUGA CANADENSIS Carriere. HEMLOCK SPRUCE. (Bark.) Tonic and 



astringent. Dose: 15 to 60 gr. (i to 4 Gm.). 



26. LARIX AMERICANA Michaux. TAMARAC. AMERICAN LARCH. (Bark.) 

 Tonic and gently astringent, its chief action being upon mucous membranes. 

 Dose: ^ to 2 dr. (2 to 8 Gm.). 



27. TEREBINTHINA, N.F. TURPENTINE 



TURPENTINE 



A concrete oleoresin obtained from Pi'nus palus'tris Miller (Pam. Pinaceae, U.S.P. 

 1900), and other species of Pinus. 



BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS. A large tree, 60 to 100 feet, with thin, scaled bark, 

 and hard, very resinous wood. Leaves 10 to 15 inches long, in threes, from 



