92 PINACE^E 



CONSTITUENTS. Oil of turpentine consists of several terpene hydrocarbons 

 having the formula Ci Hi 6 (pinene), sp. gr. 0.855-0.870. When exposed to 

 the air, it becomes thick from the oxidation of some of these hydrocarbons 

 into resin. When the rectified oil is treated with nitric acid, large crystals 

 of terpin hydrate (Terpini Hydras, U.S.) separate out, having properties 

 similar to the oil of turpentine. Dose, 2 gr. (p.i Gm.). The European 

 turpentine oil contains pinene and sylvestrine; it forms with hydrochloric 

 acid a crystalline compound, CioHnHCl (artificial camphor). Terebenum 

 is a liquid derived from the oil (consisting chiefly of pinene) by treatment 

 with sulphuric acid, boiling point i56-i6oC. Dose: 8 ITR (0.5 mil). 



ACTION AND USES. Stimulant, diuretic, hemostatic, occasionally diaphoretic; in 

 large doses anthelmintic and cathartic; externally rubefacient, in rheuma- 

 tism, etc. As a stimulant it is often beneficial in low forms of fever, and, 

 when death is inevitable, to prolong life beyond the natural limit. Dose: 5 to 

 15 HE (-3 t ! m il) i Q emulsion. 



OFFICIAL PREPARATIONS. 



Linimentum Terebinthinae (35 per cent. 



with resin cerate). 



Oleum Terebinthinse Rectificatum, . . . .Dose, 5 to 15 nj (0.3 to I mil). 

 Ceratum Cantharidis. Emulsum Olei Terebinthinae. 



27 c. RESINA, U.S. RESIN. ROSIN. COLOPHONY. The clarified residue 

 left after distilling off the volatile oil from turpentine. It has been asserted 

 that Pinus palustris, the official species, contains more resin than any other 

 German or American pine. When pure, rosin is of a clear, pellucid, amber 

 color, but the commercial rosin is yellowish-brown, more or less dark, some- 

 times almost black, the color depending upon its purity and the amount of 

 heat used in its preparation; it breaks with a shining, shallow, conchoidal 

 fracture; odor and taste faintly terebinthinate. White rosin is an opaque 

 variety made by incorporating it with water. 



CONSTITUENTS. Rosin is the anhydride of abietic acid, C44Hj 2 Oi, into which 

 acid it may be converted by warming with dilute alcohol. Ash, 0.05 per cent. 



ACTION AND USES. An important ingredient of ointments and plasters, and is 

 said to have the property of preserving them from rancidity by preventing 

 the oxidation of the fatty base. 



OFFICIAL PREPARATION. 

 Emplastrum Resinae. 



28. FIX LIQUIDA. TAR 



TAR 



SOURCE. An empyreumatic oleoresin obtained by the destructive distillation 

 of the wood of Pinus palustris Miller, and of other species of Pinus. The 

 pine logs are cut into billets, and built up into a stack and covered with earth, 

 as in making charcoal. Slow combustion is started through an opening in 

 the top of the stack, and the resinous matter, as it melts out and collects in a 

 cavity in the center, is drawn off into barrels. 



DESCRIPTION. A resinous, black semiliquid, of an empyreumatic, terebinthinate 

 odor, and a sharp, bitterish, empyreumatic taste. Acid in reaction. Partly 

 soluble in water. 



Birch tar, Dagget, or Oleum Rusci, from Belula alba Linn6, has an odor 

 similar to that of Russian leather. 



CONSTITUENTS. Tar is a very complex substance, varying with the kind of wood, 

 amount of resins present therein, and the care exercised in its preparation, 

 the chief constituents being an empyreumatic volatile oil, pyrocatechin, 

 acetone, xylol, toluol, cresols (creosote), guaiacol, phenol, etc. The acid 

 reaction which characterizes tar is due to acetic acid, obtained in an impure 

 state as pyroligneous acid by distillation. In the retort is left behind the 

 ordinary solid and fusible pitch of commerce. 



ACTION AND USES. Stimulant, irritant, insecticide, similar to, but less irritant 



