112 



LILIACE^E 



63. CHAM^ELIRIUM LUTEUM Gray. Helonias, N.F. HELONIAS DIOICA 

 Pursh. FALSE UNICORN. Habitat: United States. The rhizome, which is 

 the part employed, is greenish-brown externally, closely annulate, about 25 

 mm. (i in.) long, and 6 mm. (% in.) thick, beset on the lower side with numer- 

 ous wiry . rootlets ; internally whitish, horny ; bitter. Transverse surface is 

 dirty white in hue and of a horny texture, and exhibits a well-defined central 

 column occupying about one-third the diameter. It has been used as an 

 adulterant for sanguinaria. Tonic, diuretic, anthelmintic. Dose: 15 to 60 

 gr. (i to 4 Gm.). 



64. TRILLIUM, N.F. BIRTHROOT. WAKE-ROBIN. The rhizome of Trill'ium 

 erec'tum Linn<, and other species of Trillium growing in the United States. 

 Emmenagogue and emetic. Dose: 15 to 60 gr. (i to 4 Gm.). 



65. ASPARAGUS. The rhizome of Aspar'agus officina'lis Linne. Cardiac seda- 

 tive or palliative, diuretic, laxative. Dose: 30 to 60 gr. (2 to 4 Gm.). 



FIG. 34. Allium. Bulb and cross-section of same (twice natural size). 



66. ALLIUM, N.F. GARLIC. The bulb of Al'lium sati'vum Linnet Official in 

 U.S.P. 1890. A compound, subglobular bulb, flattened at the base, pointed 

 at the apex, where several inches of the stem remains; it consists of five or 

 six (in commercial garlic about eight) small, oblong, somewhat curved bulbs 

 or "cloves" arranged around the central axis, each with a distinct coat, and 

 internally whitish, moist, and fleshy; the whole bulb is inclosed by a dry, 

 white, membranous coat, consisting of several delicate laminae; odor pungent 

 and disagreeable (alliaceous); taste warm, acrid. Used in the fresh state. 

 Commercial garlic is a hybrid between A. sativum and A. porrum Linnet 

 Constituents: Mucilage 35 per cent., albumen, fibrous matter, and moisture. 

 The peculiar odor and taste are due to volatile oil, composed of the sulphide 

 and oxide of allyl. Stimulant and expectorant, also diaphoretic and diuretic. 

 Dose: 30 to 60 gr. (2 to 4 Gm.). 

 Syrupus Allii (20 per cent., with the addition 

 of dilute-acetic acid) (U.S.P. 1890) Dose: I to 2 fl. dr. (4 to 8 mils). 



67. SCILL A. SQUILL 



SQUILLS 



The inner freshly scaled bulb of the white variety Urgin'ea maritima (Linn^) 

 Baker, cut into slices and dried. 



BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS. Bulb semisuperficial. Leaves lanceolate, all 

 radical, appearing after the flowers. Scape 2 to 4 feet high, terminated by a 

 dense raceme of yellowish-green flowers, each one of which is accompanied 

 by a long bract; ovary with 3 nectariferous glands at the apex. 



