SERPENTARIA 



153 



ADULTERATIONS. As found in commerce, serpentaria is frequently 

 adulterated with portions of the stem. Hydrastis canadensis has. 



FIG. 66. Aristolochia serpentaria. 



B 



FIG. 67. Serpentaria Cross-section of rhizome. (25 diam.) A, Parenchyma of cortex. B. 

 Medullary ray. C, Xylem. D, Phloem. E. Medulla. (Photomicrograph.) 



been used as an intentional adulteration; also spigelia. All of these 

 may easily be distinguished from the genuine by their general 

 characteristics. 

 Powder. Characteristic elements: See Part iv, Chap. I, B. 



