PAPAVER 203 



Pulvis Ipecacuanhas et Opii (i gr. 



Opium and I gr. Ipecac in every 



10 gr.), 5 to 10 gr. (0.3 to 0.6 Gm.). 



Tinctura Opii (10 per cent.) 5 to ISITR (0.3 to i mil). 



Tinctura Opii Camphorata (Opium, 



Camphor, Benzoic Acid, and Oil 



of Anise, each 0.4 per cent.), .... i to 4 fl. dr (4 to 15 mils). 



Mist. Glycyrrhizas. Co (From 



Camphorated Tr.), 

 Tinctura Opii Deodorati (10 per 



cent.) 5 to 1515 (0.3 to I mil). 



Alkaloids : 



Morphina, : M to K g f - (0.008 to 0.032 Gm.). 



Morphinae Hydrochloidum, % to % gr. (0.008 to 0.032 Gm.). 



Morphinae Sulphas, -^ to % gr. (0.008 to 0.032 Gm.). 



Codeina, % to 2 gr. (0.016 to 0.13 Gm.). 



181. PAPAVER. POPPY CAPSULES. (Papavens Fructus, N.F.) The nearly 

 ripe capsules, free from seeds, of Papa'ver somnif'erum Linne 1 . There are 

 two varieties, distinguished by the color of their seeds. The white poppy is 

 usually considered the true opium plant; its capsule is smooth, of various 

 shapes, but usually subglobular and somewhat flattened at the extremities; 

 it is of a gray or a light yellowish -brown color, 50 to 100 mm. (2 to 4 in.) in 

 diameter, crowned with the sessile stigmas arranged in a circle; placenta 

 parietal, projecting toward the center; odor slight; taste bitter. 



CONSTITUENTS. Morphine, codeine, narcotine, narceine, papaverosine, and 

 rhceadine, united with organic acids, of which meconic is the most important. 



ACTION AND USES. Hypnotic and sedative in syrup or extract; local anodyne 

 in decoction. Dose: 15 to 30 gr. (i to 2 Gm.). 



182. PAPAVERIS SEMEN. POPPY SEED. MAW SEED. The seed of Papa'- 

 ver somnif'erum, remarkable for containing so large a per cent, of fixed oil, 

 which is very useful in the arts, and is also demulcent and anodyne. The 

 seeds are less than a millimeter in length, kidney-shaped, with the surface 

 regularly pitted, giving them a beautiful appearance under a lens. There 

 is a black-seeded and a white-seeded variety under cultivation. 



Fifty per cent, of oil is obtained from the seeds by warm and 30 per cent, 

 by cold pressure. It is pale yellow, with a bland and slightly sweetish taste, 

 totally destitute of narcotic properties. Poppy-seed oil is used for salads, 

 paints, soaps, illumination, and to adulterate olive and almond oils. 



183. CHELIDONIUM. CELANDINE. The entire plant of Chelido'nium ma'jus 

 Linnet Off. in U.S.P. 1890. Stem hairy, arising from a reddish-brown, 

 branching root, and bearing light green, lyrate-pinnatified leaves about 200 

 mm. (8 in.) long; odor slight; taste acrid. Cathartic, diuretic, diaphoretic, 

 and expectorant. In certain sections it is used in the treatment of jaundice. 

 Dose: 15 to 60 gr. (i to4Gm.). 



Alkaloids and Principles of Chelidonium and Allied Plants. Important re- 

 searches of J. O. Schlotterbeck have shown that chelerythrine, yielding lemon- 

 colored salts, exists also as a prominent alkaloid in sanguinaria and other plants 

 of "the same family. Protopine, CzoHigNOs, a frequently occurring alkaloid in 

 the poppy family, occurs also in the plants of the fumariaceae. In physical prop- 

 erties protopine agrees, in every particular with fumarine. Protopine has been 

 found -in Papaver somniferum, Eschscholtzia calif arnica, Sanguinaria canadensis, 

 Stylophorum diphyllum, and Adlumium cirrhosa; it constitutes two-thirds 

 of the entire alkaloidal content of Bpcconia cor data. ("Proc. Amer. Phar.," 1900, 

 p. 131.) Wintgen found the constituent, chelidonine, to be C 29 Hi 9 NO6 9 + HjO. 

 Schlotterbeck finds its more exact formula as, C2oHi 8 (OH)NO4 + H 2 O. ("Proc. 

 Am. Ph.," 1903, p. 321.) It occurs in colorless monoclinic prisms, melting at 

 135 to I36C. The coloring-matter, known as chelidoxanthin, found in cheli- 

 donium and stylophorum diphyllum, has been found to be identical with the alka- 

 loid berberine. ("Pharm. Rev.," Jan., 1902, pp. 4, 5.) 



184. ESCHSCHOLTZIA CALIFORNICA Chamisso. (Herb.) A valuable cal- 

 mative , soporific, and analgesic, "free from the disadvantages of opium." 

 Dose of alcoholic extract: 10 gr. (0.6 Gm.), gradually increased to 3 dr. (12 

 Gm.) in a day. 



