RUBUS 223 



a pale brown inner surface; bast layers tangential, the fibers easily removed. 

 Odorless ; taste astringent and somewhat bitter. The root of Rubus canadensis 

 Linns' (dewberry) very closely resembles that of blackberry in medical 

 properties. 



Powder. Light brown. Characteristic elements: Parenchyma of cortex, thin- 

 walled, with starch, spherical (3 to 7 fi in diam.), thick, porous, elongated; bast 

 fibers, walls of medium thickness, with some starch; wood fibers, ducts and tra- 

 cheids, numerous with simple pores ; cork considerable (20 to 30 p. in diam.) ; calcium 

 oxalate crystals, aggregate (25 to 30 p in diam.). 



CONSTITUENTS. The virtues of the bark depend chiefly upon the tannin present, 

 about 10 to 15 per cent. 



ACTION AND USES. Tonic and astringent. From a popular domestic remedy 

 it has come into extensive use in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, and 

 relaxed conditions of the bowels generally. Dose: 15 to 30 gr. (i to 2 Gm.). 





D 



^^^^-^ -. 

 B 



PIG. 117. Rubus villosus Cross-section of root, showing bark attached to wood. (17 diam.) 

 A, Cork. B, Medullary ray. C, Xylem. D. Water tube. E, Groups of bast fibers. (Photo- 

 micrograph.) 



PREPARATIONS: Fluidextractum Rubi, Syrupus Rubi, N.F. 



RUBI FRUCTUS, N.F. Includes two varieties of ripe fruits: Nigrobaccus and 

 Villosus. A Syrup is recognized in the N.F. 



218. RUBUS ID.EUS. RASPBERRY. The fruit of Ru'bus idae'us Linne. Off. 

 U.S.P. 1890. A collective fruit, hemispherical, about 12 mm. (^ in.) broad; 

 it consists of numerous small, red, hairy drupes united at the base around the 

 receptacle, from which the coalesced fruits are easily removed, leaving a 

 conical cavity. Contains a bright red, acidulous juice; odor agreeable. Used 

 only in the fresh state. The purplish-black fruit of Rubus occidentalis Linne 

 may be substituted for it. 



SYRUPUS RUBI ID^I. Rubi Idaei Fructus, N.F., includes two varieties: Idaus 

 and Strigosus. 



219. CRAT^GUS. The fruit of Cratae'gus oxyacan'tha, English Hawthorn. 

 Heart tonic. Its value as a cardiac stimulant and tonic has recently come to- 

 the medical profession through Dr. M. C. Jennings, of Chicago. Dose of 

 fluidextract: 10 to 15 njj (0.6 to 0.9 mil). 



220. LAUROCERASUS. CHERRY LAUREL. The leaves of Pru'nus laurocera'sus 



Linne", an ornamental shrub native to Western Asia. They contain an amyg- 

 dalin-like principle, laurocerasin, and a ferment. Odor bitter, almond-like; 



