HELIANTHEMUM 309 



FRANKENIACE^E 



353. FRANKENIA. YERB'A REUM'A. (Herb.) A California plant, Franken'ia 

 grandiflo'ra Chamisso et Schlechtendal. A valuable topical application in 

 catarrhal affections, and in diseases of the mucous membranes generally. 

 Dose of fluidextract: 10 to 30 it (0.6 to 2 mils), diluted. 



CISTINE^E. Rock-rose Family 



354. HELIANTHEMUM, N.F. FROSTWORT. The herb of Helian'themum 



canaden'se Michaux. Habitat: North America. As found in commerce it 

 consists of broken branches or stems not longer than i to \Yi inches, mixed 

 with a few broken roots, crushed, woolly leaves, and, occasionally, yellow 

 petals; the stems are red-brown, thread-like, slightly pubescent, internally 

 whitish, with a large pith; taste astringent and bitter. It contains a bitter 

 glucoside, soluble in water, alcohol, and benzol, and n per cent, of tannin, 

 with sugar and gum. Tonic, astringent, and alterative, in the treatment of 

 scrofulous diseases. Dose: to 20 gr. (0.3 to 1.3 Gm.). 



BIXINEjE 



Trees and shrubs with alternate simple leaves and regular, symmetrical 

 flowers. The fruits of some species are edible, and gums are obtained from a 

 few others. 



355. GYNOCARDIA. CHAULMOO'GRA. The seed of Gynocar'dia odora'ta R. 

 Brown. Habitat: Malayan Peninsula. Contains an acrid, whitish fat, known 

 in market as chaulmoogra oil, separated from the kernels by expression or by 

 boiling water, then taken up by ether or chloroform, which, when evaporated, 

 leaves the oil almost pure. Gynocardic acid, a constituent, is sometimes 

 employed in medicine. ' ' The oil is a very successful remedy in eczema of the 

 third stage." The oil is esteemed in India for the treatment of all manner 

 of skin diseases. Its unctuous smoothness has been compared to that of 

 goose-grease. Dose (of oil): 10 to 20 nu (0.6 to 1.3 mils), in gelatin capsules 

 or in emulsion. 



356. ANNATO. A coloring substance obtained from a tropical American tree, 

 Bix'a orella'na. The seeds steeped in water and allowed to ferment, and 

 this liquid evaporated to a paste, becomes the anna'to of commerce, used 

 as a cheese and butter color. By the natives the fragrant reddish pulp of 

 the seeds is used as an astringent in diarrhea. It is also used as a dyestuff 

 for silks and other fabrics. 



CANELLACE^E 



An order furnishing mostly aromatic trees. 



357. CANELLA. CANELLA, N.F. The bark of Canel'la al'ba Murray. A 

 native of Florida, West Indies, etc. In quills or broken pieces deprived of the 

 corky layer; outer surface orange-red, marked with small scars- and depres- 

 sions; inner surface whitish; odor slight, aromatic; taste bitter and very 

 pungent and biting. It contains a reddish volatile oil (about 2 per cent.), 

 a portion of which is closely related to eugenol of oil of cloves, with resin, 

 ash, mannite, a bitter principle, cellulose, albumen, and starch. Aromatic 

 and stimulant, used as an adjuvant. The powder is used in making "hiera 

 picra," Pulv. aloes et canellae, at one time recognized as an official preparation 



358. CINNAMODENDRON. The bark of Cinnamoden'dron cortico'sum Miers. 

 An aromatic bark from Jamaica, corning in curved or quilled pieces. Odor 

 cinnamon-like; taste bitter, biting, giving a suggestion of canella, but this 

 bark contains tannin, which canella does not. Used as an aromatic stimulant. 

 Enters commerce solely from the Bahamas, where it is known as cinnamon 

 bark, or as white wood bark. 



