CINCHONA 



4OI 



cultivation is largely confined to the variety Ledgeriana. Over 

 500,000 pounds are collected annually from Java plantations. 

 DESCRIPTION. In quills or curved pieces of variable size, usually 2 or 3, 

 " sometimes 5 mm. thick; externally gray, rarely brownish-gray, with 

 numerous intersecting transverse and longitudinal fissures, having 

 nearly vertical sides; the outer bark may be wanting, the color exter- 

 nally being then cinnamon brown; the inner surface light cinnamon 

 brown, finely stria te; fracture of the outer bark short and granular, 



s* . 



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FIG. 229. Cinchona calisaya Cross-section of bark. FIG. 230. Cross-section of Cinchona 

 A, Cork cells. B, Cortical parenchyma. C, Stone calisaya bark (var. Micrantha). 



cells. D, Phloem portion. E, Soft bast. F, 

 Phellogen forming bark. G, Medullary rays. (The 

 black line from G should be extended to the par- 

 enchyma cells between the phloem portions.) H, 

 Bast fibers. 



of the inner finely splintery; powder light brown or yellowish-brown; 

 odor slight, aromatic; taste bitter and somewhat astringent. 

 MICROSCOPICAL. The calisaya (variety Micrantha) transversely shows 

 milk-vessels in the cortical parenchyma and absence of stone cells, 

 which are present in Lancifolia. The rays of the woody portion are 

 more elongated and the medullary rays larger in size. Bast fibers 

 comparatively small and less numerous, but are spindle-shaped, as 

 they are in all true cinchona barks showing longitudinal section. In 

 C. rubra the stone cells and milk-ducts are both wanting, while the 



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