466 SEROTHERAPY 



the long period which is required for the formation of the amboceptor 

 in the patient. 



This method has been used with marked success against rinderpest 

 and also swine erysipelas and plague, and experimentally in typhoid, 

 cholera and plague. It has also been suggested as a general prophy- 

 lactic treatment for all school children. 



TUBERCULOSIS SERUM VACCINE, S.B.E. This is a sensitized bacterial 

 vaccine, made like tuberculin B.E., except that the pulverized bacilli are 

 treated with a fresh antituberculous serum, which is afterward removed 

 by washing and centrifugation. 



PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE. Made from the Diplococcus pneumonise. 

 The value of vaccination in the prophylaxis or treatment of pneumonia 

 is very doubtful. The possibility of undermining the resistance of the 

 patient must be considered. There is evidence that the use of vaccine 

 alone or in conjunction with antipneumococcus serum is of advantage in 

 the treatment of ulcus corneae repens, an affection which is caused by 

 the pneumococcus. 



II. CURATIVE SEROTHERAPY 



A. ACTIVE IMMUNITY 



In certain chronic infections only the tissues immediately concerned 

 respond by the formation of antibodies, and thus it becomes necessary 

 to inject the dead homologous organism in order in the words of Wright, 

 "To exploit in the interest of the infected tissues, the unexercised im- 

 munizing capacities of the uninfected tissues." 



i. INJECTION OF KILLED ORGANISMS IN SMALL DOSES. New Tuber- 

 culin, T.R, Tuberkelbacillin Rest, Koch Tuberculin Residue Tuber- 

 culin Rucks tand. This is made from living dried tubercle bacilli by 

 thorough grinding, suspension in water and centrifuging. The super- 

 natant fluid, containing extractives, is discarded and the sediment re- 

 ground, suspended in a little water and recentrifuged. The fluid is kept 

 this time, while the sediment is reground, suspended and centrifuged as 

 before. This is repeated until practically no sediment remains, when all 

 the fluid portions which have been laid aside are combined and diluted, 

 with 20 per cent, glycerin solution to make]the final (standard) product 

 contain the residue of 10 mg. of dried tubercle bacilli in each mil of fluid. 

 T.R. is an uncolored slightly opalescent liquid. It is used occasionally 

 in the treatment of tuberculosis. 



NEW TUBERCULIN, B.E. BAZILLENEMULSION KOCH BACILLI EMUL- 

 SION. Bacilli emulsion is practically a bacterial vaccine. It is made by 

 suspending one part pulverized tubercle bacilli in 100 parts distilled water 

 and 100 parts glycerin. This mixture stands one day and is then de- 

 canted from the grosser particles which have settled. One mil thus cor- 

 responds to 5 mg. of tubercle bacilli. 



