INSECTS INJURIOUS TO DRUGS 



493 



pearance of the infested grain kernels. The larva of Carpocapsa amflana, 

 a moth of the same genus as the codlin moth, the greatest insect pest of 

 the apple, infests the seeds of Corylus avellana, Juglans regina, and Castanea 

 vesca. The larva of Mylois ceratonia feasts on the fruits of Ceratonia 

 siliqua and Castanea vesca. The larva of the moth (Ecophaga olivella 

 inhabits the kernels of the olive, causing the dropping of the fruit and a 

 smaller yield of oil. 



FIG. 270. Tinea penionella Linne. a. Adult moth. 6. Pupa.* c. Larva, d. Case. (Original.) 



Passing now to another order of insects, the two-winged flies, we find 

 that while the mouth parts of the adult flies are adapted for sucking or lap- 

 ping, the young flies, which appear as grubs or maggots, are in many cases 

 better prepared to partake of solid food. The olive in southern France and 

 Italy is infested by a larva of a fly known as Dacus oleai in the kernels 

 of fresh hazelnuts are often found the larvae of a fly which belongs to the 



PIG. 271. Grain kernels attacked by Angoumois grain moth. a. Infested kernel of corn. b. 

 Kernel of corn cut open snowing feeding larva within, c. Infested kernel of wheat. (Original.) 



same genus as that notorious wheat pest, the Hessian fly. The fly Trypeta 

 arniciwra is often gathered in its youthful state with arnica flowers, and 

 becomes developed later on, after feeding on the flowers in the pharma- 

 cist's canisters. 



The book-louse insects (genus Atropos) have at least one representative 

 in the list of drug pests. I have found a species (probably divinatoria) 

 of this genus attacking golden seal and hyoscyamus. The insect is very 

 small, hardly a twentieth of an inch long. When examined with a micro- 

 scope it is found to be wingless, and of a general appearance as shown in 

 Fig. 272. This insect represents the family Psocidae, of the order Pseudo- 

 neuroptera. 



