508 POWDERED DRUGS 



PIG. 281. Shows Starch-granules of Ipecac. (X 750.) The cells of the bark 

 are filled with starch. The granules are spherical, oblong, or angular, and vary 

 much in size. The hilum is located near the center, and is often seen to be fissured. 

 The grains are smooth, and show no concentric markings. They are often in 

 groups of two, three, and sometimes even more grains joined together. 



FIG. 282. Shows Starch-granules of Jalap. (X 250.) The grains are very 

 numerous in the cells; are large and have characteristic markings. They are 

 rounded or broadly ovate, having the hilum located near the small end and sur- 

 rounded by excentric lines. 



FIG. 283. Shows the Starch-grains of Veratrum viride (X 350), which so closely 

 resemble those of Veratrum album that it would be impossible to distinguish the 

 two by their starch-grains. Those of the former are often found in groups of twos, 

 threes, fours, and sometimes even more. They are small, rounded, or angular, 

 with the hilum in the center. 



FIG. 284. Represents Starch as it appears in Calumba. (X 350.) The 

 grains are large, and in shape they are circular or oval. A few double or compound 

 grains are found, but they do not occur frequently. The hilum is rather excentric, 

 and is often seen to be fissured in a radial direction. The grains are smooth, and 

 occasionally a curved line or two is to be found. 



FIG. 285. Shows Starch-grains as they appear in Galengal. (X 350.) The 

 grains are large and mostly long ovate, but sometimes they are irregular. The 

 hilum is located near the larger end, and is sometimes fissured. The stratification 

 lines are plainly seen on the larger grains and but faintly, if at all, on the smaller 

 ones. 



FIG. 286. Illustrates Starch-grains as seen in a specimen of Iris florentina. 

 (X 500.) These grains are quite characteristic and very abundant. They are 

 rather elongated, rounded or truncate at one end, and usually tapering toward the 

 other end. Occasionally a three-lobed grain is seen. As a rule, the grains are 

 irregular in shape. The hilum is located near the large end, and is slightly fissured, 

 (a) is the most common form. A very prominent characteristic is a double line 

 branching from the hilum and extending toward the other end. 



