510 POWDERED DRUGS 



FIG. 287. Shows Starch-grains as they appear in Caulophyllum. (X 250.) 

 The grains are small, but quite characteristic. They are mostly gathered together 

 in large and roundish masses, consisting of twenty-five to fifty grains. The single 

 grains are globular, or more commonly many-sided, and without hilum or strati- 

 fication lines. 



FIG. 288. Shows the Grains as they appear in Aconitumnapellus. (X 850.) 

 This drug is very rich in starch. The starch-grains are rather large. There are 

 a great many compound grains composed of from two to eight granules. The 

 single grains are round, long, and in some cases have flat faces. The hilum is 

 located centrally, and is seen at times to be fissured slightly. The concentric 

 markings are not discernible. 



FIG. 289. Shows Starch-grains as they appear in Geranium. (X 1200). 

 There are specimens of Geranium in the market that contain little or no starch. 

 This somewhat singular fact is said to be due to the season in which it is gathered. 

 The drug usually contains starch in abundance. The grains are rather long, and 

 appear to be thicker at one end than at the other. The hilum is located generally 

 at the larger end, but sometimes central, and it occasionally appears at the smaller 

 end. The stratification lines are very faintly seen at times. 



FIG. 290. Shows Starch-grains as they appear in Honduras Sarsaparilla. 

 ( X 500.) Many of the grains are seen to occur in groups of two, three, and some- 

 times four. The single grains are spherical or angular, with a hilum located near 

 the center. The hilum in the larger grains is angular fissured. No concentric 

 markings can be seen. 



FIG. 291. Shows Starch as it appears in Podophyllum. (X 550.) The grains 

 are small and mostly single, but sometimes they are double or triple. They are 

 spherical with a central hilum, and are seldom fissured. The hilum can hardly 

 be seen in the smaller grains. A 



FIG. 292. Shows Starch as it appears in the rhizome of Hydrastis. ( X 1300.) 

 The starch is very abundant. The grains are most commonly joined together in 

 groups of from two to six. The grains, when single, are rounded in form. The 

 hilum is indistinct and unfissured. 



NOTE. The drawings of the starches were made from authentic specimens of 

 the crude drug of the market. 



