MICROSCOPICAL DESCRIPTION 521 



celled; tracheae, annular, spiral, reticulate or with bordered pits; few long thin- 

 walled bast fibers and few pollen grains. (See Fig. 279.) 



503. BELLADONNA RADIX 



Powder. Light brown; starch grains, numerous, spherical, polygonal or plano- 

 convex (3 to 30 M in diam.) 2 to 8 or more compound; micro-crystals of calcium 

 oxalate numerous (3 to 10 /tt); cork cells, few; tracheae, few and large, usually asso- 

 ciated with wood fibers; long bast fibers from stem bases are often present. 



274. BUCHU 



Powder. Pale green, consists mostly of parenchyma, often containing sphaero- 

 crystals of inulin (25 to 40 /* in diam.) and numerous globules short and unicellu- 

 lar; aggregate crystals of calcium oxalate (15 to 25 p. in diam.) ; tracheids and bast 

 fibers, few. (See Fig. 294.) 



156. CALUMBA 



Powder. Yellowish to greenish-brown; starch grains, numerous (8 to 85 n in 

 diam.) few 2 to 3 compound, ovoid, ellipsoidal or irregular usually with ex central 

 hilum; stone cells, few, usually containing one or more prismatic crystals of calcium 

 oxalate, sometimes having micro-crystals; tracheae, few, reticulate or with bordered 

 pits; occasionally, wood-fibers with long, oblique, slit-like pits; cork cells, yellow 

 in regular radial rows and tangentially stretched. 



112. CANNABIS 



Powder. Dark green, consists of fragments of leaves, and bracts showing 

 yellowish lacticiferous vessels, rosette aggregates of calcium oxalate (6 to 30 /* in 

 diam.), and fragments of fruits and stems; non-glandular hairs, unicellular, pointed, 

 usually containing some calcium carbonate which gives a strong effervescence with 

 dilute HC1; glandular hairs, short with i -celled stalk, or long multicellular, the 

 head consisting of 8 to 16 cells; palisade-like, thick- walled cells from the fruits; 

 tissues of embryo and endosperm with numerous aleurone grains (5 to 10 n in 

 diam.) and oil globules. 



CANTHARIS (See animal products) 



Powder. Grayish-brown, showing conspicuous shining green particles and nu- 

 merous long, pointed hairs. 



516. CAPSICUM 



Powder. Yellowish-brown to brownish-red, cells of epidermis of uniform 

 size and regular arrangement; parenchyma containing numerous reddish oil 

 globules, and chromoplasts; stone cells of endocarp with yellowish wavy, moder- 

 ately thickened porous walls, those of the seed coat, yellowish, irregular, strongly 

 thickened and much more strongly lignified than those of the endocarp. 



82. CARDAMOMI SEMEN 



Powder. Greenish-brown, fragments of seed with dark brown stone cells 

 (20 /* in diam.); polygonal in surface view; cells of endosperm and perisperm con- 

 taining compound starch grains (i to 4 /* in diam.); a few small tracheae may be 

 present. 



385. CARUM 



Powder. Yellowish-brown; fragments of pericarp with light yellow oil ducts; 

 tracheae often accompanied by sclerenchyma fibers which are slightly lignified and 

 have oblique pits; endosperm cells contain aleurone grains which usually include a 

 rosette of calcium oxalate about I n in diam. 



371. CARYOPHYLLUS 



Powder. Dark brown to reddish-brown; thin- walled parenchyma showing large 

 oil reservoirs; a few small spiral tracheae and thick- walled spindle-shaped bast 

 fibers, rosettes of calcium oxalate (2 to 15 /u in diam.); pollen grains (15 to 25 ft in 

 diam.). 



334. CASCARA SAGRADA 



Powder. Light or dark brown; bast fibers, usually in groups accompanied by 

 crystal fibers; thick- walled stone cells in large groups; parenchyma and medullary 

 ray cells have numerous nearly spherical starch grains (3 to 8 n in diam.) ; calcium 

 oxalate in prisms or rosettes (8 to 20 ju in diam.); reddish-brown cork fragments. 

 (See Fig. 276.) 



