MICROSCOPICAL DESCRIPTION 523 



333. FRANGULA 



Powder. Yellowish-brown; stone cells are absent, otherwise the elements are 

 almost identical with those of Cascara Sagrada (see page 295). Frangula gives a 

 deeper orange color than does cascara when treated with alkalies. 



105. GALLA 



Powder. Brownish-gray; starch-bearing parenchyma cells numerous; starch 

 spherical to polygonal (i I to 35 n in diam.); stone cells few, variable (25 to 250/1 

 long) ; tracheae spiral or reticulate. 



438. GELSEMIU.M 



Powder. Dark yellow; tracheae, spiral and with bordered pits associated with 

 long narrow fiber-tracheids; bast fibers, long and narrow; starch grains, spherical 

 (4 to 8 AI in diam.) ; calcium oxalate in monoclinic prisms (15 to 30 n long) ; few very 

 thick-walled groups of stone cells. 



441. GENTIANA 



Powder. Light brown or yellowish-brown, consisting mostly of parenchyma 

 cells varying much in size and form; tracheae spiral, scalariform or reticulate; 

 yellowish-brown cork. 



230. GLYCYRRHIZA 



Powder. Brownish-yellow to pale yellow; starch grains oval or elliptical (3 to 

 25/1 in diam.); tracheae with bordered pits associated with wood fibers, numerous; 

 bast fibers, numerous, very long and usually in groups accompanied by crystal 

 fibers, containing prisms of calcium oxalate (2 to 25 p. in diam.) ; fragments of 

 reddish-brown cork occur in Spanish Licorice. 



366. GRANATUM 



Powder. Yellowish-brown to dark brown; crystals of calcium oxalate in aggre- 

 gate prisms or crystal fibers (10 to 20 n in diam.) ; starch grains, spherical to polyg- 

 onal, simple or compound (2 to 10 n in diam.) ; cork fragments, whitish; stone cells, 

 usually occur singly and are strongly lamellated (40 to 200 fj. long). 



576. GRINDELIA 



Powder. Yellowish-brown; tracheae, annular spiral reticulate, or with bordered 

 pits, associated with narrow wood fibers; leaf epidermis characteristic, showing 

 large colorless multicellular glandular hairs; pollen grains, spherical spinose (about 

 35 n in diam.). 



329. GUARANA 



Powder. Pinkish-brown; irregular masses of parenchyma and altered starch 

 grains; starch grains, spherical to polygonal (10 to 25/i in diam.); few elongated, 

 yellowish, thick-walled sclerenchyma cells, which are usually not lignified. 



134. HYDRASTIS 



Powder. Yellowish-brown; starch numerous, usually simple, nearly spherical 

 (2 to 15 n in diam.); vascular tissues usually associated with starch-bearing paren- 

 chyma; tracheae spiral, reticulate or with bordered pits; few thin- walled wood 

 fibers ; and occasional fragments reddish-brown cork. 



509. HYOSCYAMUS 



Powder. Grayish-green; calcium oxalate crystals in 4- to 6-sided prisms (15 

 to 25 n long), in spherical or rosette aggregates (about 20 p. in diam.) or in wedge- 

 shaped micro-crystals; non-glandular hairs 2 to 10 cells long; glandular hairs with 

 stalk i to 4 cells long and I to many celled head; stomata broadly elliptical about 

 30 n long, with 3 to 4 neighboring cells ; tracheae spiral reticulate or with bordered 

 pits and associated with few fibers; pollen grains about 40 n in diam., nearly smooth. 

 (See Fig. 280.) 



530. IPECACUANHA 



Powder. Light brown; starch grains, numerous, simple 2 to 6 or more compound, 

 spherical or polygonal (2 to 18 n in diam.); calcium oxalate raphides (15 to 40 /x 

 long) few; tracheids numerous; occasional stone cells from stem bases (30 to 40 n 

 long). (See Fig. 277.) 



