526 POWDERED DRUGS 



185. SANGUINARIA 



Powder. Brownish-red; starch grains, numerous, (3 to 20 pin diam.) spherical to 

 ovoid; simple or 2 to 3 compound; latex tissue fragments with reddish-brown 

 masses; tracheae with slit-like pits few. 



239. SANTALUM RUBRUM 



Powder. Brownish-red ; wood fibers numerous, walls thick, yellowish, up to 800 n 

 long; tracheae, few with simple or bordered pits; crystal fibers with prisms of cal- 

 cium oxalate (10 to 20 n in diam.). 



58. SARSAPARILLA 



Powder. Grayish-brown; starch grains, spherical to nearly tetrahedral, simple 

 or 2 to 5 compound (3 to 25 n in diam.) ; raphides of calcium oxalate (6 to 30 p long) ; 

 tracheae scalariform, reticulate or with simple or bordered pits, often associated 

 with thin- walled sclerenchyma fibers; cells of hypoderm and endoderm yellowish, 

 up to 500 n long. 



170. SASSAFRAS 



Powder. Light reddish-brown; starch grains, spherical to polygonal, simple or 

 2 to 4 compound (3 to 20 M in diam.) ; bast fibers, spindle-shaped or irregular (150 to 

 400 M long and 25 /* broad) with very thick walls ; numerous parenchyma cells, many 

 containing yellowish-red masses of tannin; few brownish-red fragments of cork. 



462a. SCAMMONII RADIX 



Powder. Grayish-brown; starch grains, simple or 2 to 4 compound (3 to 18 ft 

 in diam.); calcium oxalate in prisms (10 to 45/1 long); tracheae reticulate or with 

 simple or bordered pits and usually associated with wood fibers; stone cells vari- 

 able in form (40 to 125 /* long) ; few cork cells which are often lignified; fragments of 

 phloem showing yellowish-brown resin cells. 



67. SCILLA 



Powder. Light yellow; raphides of calcium oxalate (750 to looo/jlong); par- 

 enchyma cells large, thin-walled, colorless; tracheae spiral or reticulate; occasionally 

 a few nearly spherical starch grains occur. 



302. SENEGA 



Powder. Yellowish-gray to brown; wood fibers non-lignified (175 to 250 n long) ; 

 fragments of thin- walled parenchyma containing oil globules ; tracheae with simple 

 or bordered pits; numerous medullary ray cells with large simple pits. 



240. SENNA 



Powder. Light green (Alexandria Senna) or slightly darker green (India 

 Senna); stomata broadly elliptical (about 20 n in diam.); crystal fibers; calcium 

 oxalate in rosettes (about I o n in diam. ) or 4 to 6-sided prisms about 1 5 n long) ; non- 

 glandular hairs i -celled, often curved, thick-walled and rough up to 350 n long. 

 In India Senna the hairs are relatively fewer. (See Fig. 295.) 



1 1 8. SERPENTARIA 



Powder. Grayish-brown; starch grains spherical to plano-convex (3 to 14 ^ in 

 diam.), simple or 2 to 4 compound; tracheae annular, spiral or reticulate; short 

 wood fibers; small amount of cork; numerous lignified parenchyma pith cells; few 

 non-glandular hairs from stem may be present. 



188. SINAPIS ALBA 



Powder. Light yellow to brownish-yellow; parenchyma cells contain aleurone 

 and oil; fragments of seed coats nearly colorless composed of small stone cells and 

 large epidermal cells, the outer walls being mucilaginous; occasionally few small 

 starch grains are present. 



189. SINAPIS NIGRA 



Powder. Light brown to greenish-brown; thin- walled parenchyma of embryo 

 contains alleurone grains and oil; fragments of seed coats composed of small yellow- 

 ish stone cells with dark lumen; and large mucilaginous cells of epidermis often 

 associated with the very large sub-epidermal cells. 



