MICROSCOPICAL DESCRIPTION 527 



439. SPIGELIA 



Powder. Grayish-brown; starch grains nearly spherical (2 to 6 n indiam.); 

 tracheae and tracheids conspicuous; few long slender bast fibers; fragments of 

 reddish-brown epidermis and brownish cork. 



304. STILLINGIA 



Powder. Pinkish or reddish-brown; starch grains variable in form, mostly 

 simple (5 to 35 ju in diam.) ; tracheae with simple pits, usually associated with wood 

 fibers; bast fibers long, narrow, thick- walled; reddish-brown cork; rosettes of cal- 

 cium oxalate up to 35 M in diam; somewhat tabular reddish-brown secretion cells. 



507. STRAMONIUM 



Portder. Brownish-green; stomata elliptical about 25 M long, usually with 

 3 neighboring cells; calcium oxalate in numerous rosettes (10 to 20 p in diam.) in 

 prisms or wedge-shape micro-crystals; non-glandular hairs with i to 2-celled stalks 

 and 2 to 4-celled heads; spiral or annular tracheae; stems have large tracheae with 

 annular and spiral thickening or with bordered pits usually associated with wood 

 parenchyma and occasional wood fibers; long collenchymatous cells are often 

 present. (See Fig. 293.) 



451. STROPHANTHUS 



Powder. Grayish to dark-brown; mostly composed of thin-walled parenchyma 

 cells; many of which are colored greenish upon addition of H2SCU; numerous frag- 

 ments of long thin- walled hairs (relatively fewer in S. hispidus); numerous oil 

 globules. 



400. SUMBUL 



Powder. Grayish-brown; numerous large tracheae which are mostly reticulate; 

 long narrow collapsed fragments of phloem; few fragments of parenchyma con- 

 taining starch grains (3 to 12 /x in diam.) ; numerous nearly colorless or yellowish to 

 reddish-brown irregular fragments. 



553. TARAXACUM 



Powder. Light brown; parenchyma cells large; thin- walled containing masses 

 of inulin; fragments of yellowish latex vessels; reticulate tracheae and sclerenchy- 

 matous fibers. 



256. TRAGACANTHA 



Powder. Whitish; irregular fragments showing lamellated mucilaginous walls 

 and few starch grains nearly spherical, simple or 2 to 3 compound (3 to 17 n'm 

 diam.). 



37. TRITICUM 



Powder. Yellowish; tracheae annular, spiral or with simple pits and associated 

 with long narrow sclerenchymatous fibers; epidermal cells rectangular strongly 

 lignified with numerous transverse pits; numerous fragments of rectangular thin- 

 walled parenchyma. 



109. ULMUS 



Powder. Light brown; bast fibers numerous very long and slightly lignified, 

 often associated with crystal fibers; calcium oxalate in prisms (ip to 25 n in diam.) ; 

 starch grains, mostly simple, nearly spherical (about 3 or 4 /t in diam. or up to 25 /*) ; 

 fragments of large mucilage cells. 



411. UVAURSI 



Powder. Olive green; epidermal cells polygonal; stomata, broadly elliptical 

 about 25 n long with 5 to 8 adjacent cells; tracheae mostly spiral, often associated 

 with sclerenchyma and crystal fibers; prisms of calcium oxalate (6 to 15 ft in diam.). 



543. VALERIANA 



Powder. Light brown or grayish-brown; starch grains spherical to ploygonal, 

 simple or 2 to 4 compound, (3 to 20 n in diam.) ; tracheae reticulate or with simple or 

 bordered pits often accompanied by sclerenchyma fibers; fragments of epidermis 

 with root hairs and brownish cork. 



60. VERATRUM VIRIDE 



Powder. Grayish-brown to dark brown; starch grains, spherical or ellipsoidal 

 simple or 2 to 3 compound (s^to 20 it in diam.); calcium oxalate raphides (15 to 150 



