poses where strong, durable lumber is desired. 

 For building timbers, sleepers, joists, and 

 flooring it is unexcelled. It is exported to 

 all parts of the world for ship timbers, spars, 

 and masts. The stout vessels used for voyag- 

 ing amidst the ice floes of the Arctic are built 

 from selected Douglas Spruce lumber taken 

 from the butt logs of these trees. 



The thousands of piles used so largely for 

 wharves and ferry slips, for building founda- 

 tions and railroad bridges, the tall flagstaffs 

 erected at recent world fairs, all come from 

 the Douglas Spruce forest of the north. 



Fine specimens with rounded heads and 

 abundant cones are found on the western end 

 of Mount Tamalpais, near the ocean, and in 

 sight of San Francisco. A very beautiful 

 form, with graceful, weeping branchlets, is 

 found sparsely near Yosemite and northward 

 to near Mt. Shasta. 



A second species of this Feather-cone genus 

 of Spruces is the Big-cone Spruce (Ps. ma- 

 crocarpa), growing on the south side of the 

 San Bernardino and connected mountains. 

 The cones, similar in appearance to the 

 Douglas Spruce, are many times larger, six 

 to eight inches long, the largest in the world. 



NAKED-CONE SPRUCES 



The Naked-cone species of spruce (Picea) 

 in California comprise two species also. One, 

 the Tide-land Spruce (P. Sitchcusis), is 

 abundant northward, and comes down the 

 coast as far as Cape Mendocino. Loving the 

 ocean beach and the interior wet grounds, it 

 often becomes a large tree, remarkable for 

 its beautiful, smooth cones two to three inches 

 long, and for its sharp leaves, wounding the 

 fingers like sewing needles. 



The fourth species, the most beautiful of 

 all, would require a special effort to find it, 

 so sequestered and limited is its growth. This 



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