1055 



with tin; medial wall. The CArtilage-COVered cdste nl' Ihr lia^e H hound Id the carlilap- e<, \rird 

 rin i nf 1 1 ic veMilmlar I oval : fcnesl r:i hy the annular ligament cif the lia.sc (if tile .sta]x'S, thus I'orm- 

 Kit,' the tympano-stapedial syndesmosis. 



Ligaments of the ossicles. In addition to the attachment of the manubriimi 

 of the malleus and the liasc of the Stape* to the walls of t he tympanic ca\ it y, 1 l.c 1 Mines 

 have additional li.uanienious attachments. The superior malleolar ligament 

 runs almost vertically from the superior wall of the epit \ inpanic rece.-s to the head 

 of the malleus (Ihr,. 7~>0). The anterior malleolar ligament extends fr< m the aiifru- 

 lar spine of the sphenoid bone throuirh the |>etro-tympanic Milaseriani lisstire to 

 the anterior or lonjr process of the malleus, which it surrounds, and is inserted with 

 it into the neck of the malleus. The lateral malleolar ligament is short and thick, 

 and runs from the margins of the tympanic notch (notch of Kivinus) to the neck of 

 the malleus (li<r. 7.">0). The posterior ligament of the incus passes from the fossa 

 on the posterior tympanic wall to the cms lux-vis of the incus (fig. 751). The su- 



Fio. 750. THK TYMPANIC CAMTI , A.NTEKIOU WALL KKMOVKD. 



EPITYUPANIC RECESS 



Lateral malleolar 



UCWMOI 



PARS FLACCID* 



Superior recess 

 of tympanic 

 membrane 

 LATERAL PROCESS 

 OF MALLEUS 

 Anterior malleo- 

 lar ligament 

 surrounding an- 

 terior process 

 Insertion of 

 tensor tympani 

 MANUBRIUM OF 



MALLEUS 



EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC 

 MEATU8 



UMBO AND TIP OF 



MANUBRIUM OF 



MALLEUS 



LIMBUS 

 ANHULUS 



TYMPANIC CELlUL/t 



Superior malleo- 

 lar ligament 



HEAD DF MALLEUS 

 NECK OF KALLEUS 



FAflAl. 

 LONG PROCESS 



OF INCUS 



PYRAMIDAL EMINENCE 

 Tendon of 

 stapedius 



STAPES 



PROMONTORY 



perior ligament of the incus is little more than mucous membrane; it runs from 

 the tympanic roof to the body of the incus. 



Muscles of the ossicles. -Each of the muscles of the ossicles is contained in a 



bony canal. The tensor tympani is a pinniform muscle about 2 cm. lonsr. It ai 

 from the cartilaginous part of the tuba audit iva (Kustachian tulx-), from the adjacent 

 part of the smd wini; of the sphenoid, and from the bony walls of the semicanal 

 which encloses it. It ends in a round tendon which turns almost at ritrht anjrles 

 over the COOhleariform process and passes laterally across t he tympanic cavity to be 

 .it (ached to the manubrium of the malleus near the neck. It draws the nianubrium 

 medially and tightens the tympanic membrane, and is supplied by the motor division 

 of the fifth cranial nerve, through the tensor tympani branch from the otic tranirlion. 

 The stapedius arises from the inside of the hollow pyramidal eminence, the apex of 

 which is pierced by its tendon, which then turns inferiorly and is inserted on the pos- 

 terior surface of the neck of the stapes. It draws laterally the ventral border of the 

 base of i he stapes and is supplied by the facial nerve. 



The tympanic mucous membrane forms a complete covering for the walls and 



