74 SUPERIOR MAXILLARY BONES. 



Articulations. With thirteen bones : two of the cranium, the frontal 

 and sphenoid ; the rest of the face, viz. the nasal, superior maxillary, la 

 chrymal, palate, the inferior turbinated, and the vomer. 



No muscles are attached to this bone. 



BONES OF THE FACE. 



The face is composed of fourteen bones ; viz. the 

 Two nasal, Two palate, 



Two superior maxillary, Two inferior turbinated, 



Two lachrymal, Vomer, 



Two malar, Inferior maxillary. 



NASAL BONES. The nasal (fig. 39) are two small quadrangular bones, 

 forming by their union the bridge and base of the nose. Upon the upper 

 surface they are convex, and pierced by a foramen for a small artery ; on 

 the under surface they are somewhat concave, and marked by a groove, 

 which lodges the nasal branch of the ophthalmic nerve. The superior 

 border is narrow and thick, the inferior broad, thin, and irregular. 



Development. By a single centre for each bone, the first ossific depo- 

 sition making its appearance at the same time as in the vertebrae. 



Articulations. With four bones : frontal, ethmoidal, nasal, and supe- 

 rior maxillary. 



Attachment of Muscles. It has in relation with it the pyramidalis nasi, 

 and compressor nasi; but neither of these muscles is inserted into it. 



SUPERIOR MAXILLARY BONES. The superior maxillary are the largest 

 bones of the face, with the exception of the lower jaw ; they form, by their 

 union, the whole of the upper jaw, and assist in the construction of the 

 nose, the orbit, the cheek, and the palate. Each bone is divisible into a 

 body and four processes. 



The body is triangular in form, and hollowed in 

 its interior into a large cavity, the antrum maxillare 

 (antrum of Highmore). It presents for examina- 

 tion four surfaces, external or facial, internal or 

 nasal, posterior or zygomatic, and superior or 

 orbital. 



The external, or facial surface, forms the anterior 

 part of the bone ; it is irregularly concave, and 

 presents a deep depression towards its centre, the 

 canine fossa, which gives attachment to two mus- 

 cles, the compressor nasi and levator anguli oris. 

 Immediately above this fossa is the infra-orbital 

 foramen, the termination of the infra-orbital canal, 

 transmitting the superior maxillary nerve and infra- 

 orbital artery; and above the infra-orbital foramen, 



* The superior maxillary bone of the right side, as seen from the lateral aspect. 1. 

 The external or facial surface ; the depression in which the figure is placed is the canine 

 fossa. 2. The posterior, or zygomatic surface. 3. The superior or orbital surface. 4. 

 The infra-orbital foramen ; it is situated immediately below the number. 5. The infra- 

 orbital canal, leading to the infra-orbital foramen. 6. The inferior border of the orbit. 

 7. The malar process. 8. The nasal process. 9. The concavity forming the lateral 

 boundary of the anterior nares. 10. The nasal spine. 11. The incisive, or myrtiform 

 ^ossa. 12. The alveolar process. 13. The internal border of the orbital surface, which 

 *aiculates with the ethmoid and palate bone. 14. The concavity which articulates with 



