128 



PHALANGES. 



Fig. 62.* brae ; the epiphyses, commencing with the great toe 



and proceeding to the fifth, appear towards the close 

 of the second year, consolidation being effected at 

 eighteen. 



Articulations. With the tarsal bones by one ex- 

 tremity, and with the first row of phalanges by the 

 other. The number of tarsal bones with which each 

 metatarsal articulates from within outwards,' is the 

 same as between the metacarpus and carpus, one for 

 the first, three for the second, one for the third, two 

 for the fourth, and one for the fifth, forming the cipher 

 13121. 



Attachment of Muscles. To fourteen; to the first, 

 the peroneus longus and first dorsal interosseous 

 muscle ; to the second, two dorsal interosse* and 

 transversus pedis ; to the third, two dorsal and one 

 plantar interosseous, adductor pollicis and transversus 

 pedis ; to the fourth, two dorsal and one plantar 

 interosseous, adductor pollicis and transversus pedis : 

 to the fifth, one dorsal and one plantar interosseous, 

 peroneus brevis, peroneus tertius, abductor minimi 

 digiti, flexor brevis minimi digiti, and transversus pedis. 



PHALANGES. There are two phalanges in the great toe, and three in 

 the other toes, as in the hand. They are long bones, divisible into a 

 central portion and extremities. 



The phalanges of the first row are convex above, concave upon the 

 under surface, and compressed from side to side. The posterior extre- 

 mity has a single concave articular surface, for the head of the metatarsal 

 bone ; and the anterior extremity, a pulley-like surface for the second 

 phalanx. 



The second phalanges are short and diminutive, but somewhat broader 

 than those of the first row. 



The third, or ungual phalanges, including the second phalanx of the 

 great toe, are flattened from above downwards, spread out laterally at the 

 base, to articulate with the second row, and at the opposite extremity, to 

 support the nail and the rounded extremity of the toe. 



Development. By two centres ; one for the body and one for the meta- 

 carpal extremity. Ossification commences in these bones after that in the 

 metatarsus, appearing first in the last phalanges, then in the first, and last 

 of all in the middle row. The bones are completed at eighteen. 



Articulations. The first row with the metatarsal bones and second 

 phalanges ; the second, of the great toe with the first phalanx, and of the 



* The sole of the left foot. 1. The inner tuberosity of the os calcis. 2. The outer 

 tnberosity. 3. The groove for the tendon of the flexor longus digitorum ; this figure 

 indicates also the sustentaculum tali. 4. The rounded head of the astragalus. 0. The 

 scaphoid bone. 6. Its tuberosity, 7. The internal cuneiform bone; its broad extremity. 

 8. The middle cuneiform bone. 9. The external cuneiform bone. 10, 11. The cuboid 

 bone. 11. Refers to the groove for the tendon of the peroneus longus : the prominence 

 between this groove and figure 10 is the tuberosity. 12, 12. The metatarsal bones. 

 13, 13. The first phalanges. 14, 14. The second phalanges of the four lesser toes. 

 15, 15. The third, or ungual phalanges of the four lesser toes. 16. The last phalanx 

 cC the great toe 



