MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN, 



213 



round ligament in the female. The upper border of the external oblique 

 is continuous with the pectoralis major. 



The external oblique is now to be removed by making an incision 

 across the ribs, just below its origin, to its posterior border ; and another 

 alono- Poupart's ligament and the crest of the ilium. Poupart's hgamen* 



Fig. 1 16.* 



* The muscles of the anterior aspect of the trunk ; on the left side the superficial 

 layer is seen, and on the right the deeper layer. 1. The pectoralis major muscle. 2. 

 The deltoid; the interval between these muscles lodges the cephalic vein. 3. The an 

 terior border of the latissirmis dorsi. 4. The serrations of the serratus magnus. 5. The 

 subclavius muscle of the right side. 6. The pectoralis minor. 7. The coracho-brachia- 

 lis muscle. 8. The upper part of the biceps muscle, showing its two heads. 9. The 

 coracoid process of the scapula. 10. The serratus magnus of the right side. 11. The 

 external intercostal muscle of the fifth intercostal space. 12. The external oblique 

 muscle. 13. Its aponeurosis ; the median line to the right of this number is the linea 

 alba; the flexuous line to its left is the linea semilunaris; and the transverse lines 

 above and below the number, the linese transversse. 14. Poupart's ligament. 15. The 

 external abdominal ring; the margin above the ring is the superior or internal pillar; 

 the margin below the ring, the inferior or external pillar ; the curved intercolumnar 

 fibres are seen proceeding upwards from Poupart's ligament to strengthen the ring. 

 The numbers 14 and 15 are situated upon the fascia lata of the thigh ; the opening im- 

 mediately to the right of 15 is the saphenous opening. 16. The rectus muscle of the 

 right side brought into view by the removal of the anterior segment of its sheath : * ih? 

 posterior segment of its sheath with the divided edge of the anterior segment. 17 

 The pyramidalis muscle. 18. The internal oblique muscle. 19. The conjoined ten 

 don of the internal oblique and transversalis descending behind Poupart's ligament 

 to the pectineal line. 20. The arch formed between the lower curved border of the 

 interna 1 oblique muscle and Poupart's ligament, it is beneath this arch that the sperm 

 atic cord and hernia pass. 



