288 INTERNAL MAXILLARY ARTERY. 



tegument of the side of the face, inosculating with the infra-orbital and 

 facial artery. This artery is not unfrequently a branch of the temporal. 



10. The TEMPORAL ARTERY is one of the two terminal branches of the 

 external carotid. It ascends over the root of the zygoma ; and, at about 

 an inch and a half, above the zygomatic arch, divides into an anterior and 

 a posterior temporal branch. The anterior temporal is distributed over 

 the front of the temple and arch of the skull, and anastomoses with the 

 opposite anterior temporal, and with the supra-orbital and frontal artery. 

 The posterior temporal curves upwards and backwards, and inosculates 

 with its fellow of the opposite side, with the posterior auricular and occi- 

 pital artery. 



The trunk of the temporal artery is covered in by the parotid gland and 

 by the attrahens aurem muscle, and rests on the temporal fascia. 



Branches. Orbitar, 



Anterior auricular, 

 Middle temporal. 



The Orbitar artery is a small branch, not always present, which passes 

 forward immediately above the zygoma, between the two layers of the 

 temporal fascia, and inosculates beneath the orbicularis palpebrarum with 

 the palpebral arteries. 



The interior auricular arteries are distributed to the anterior portion 

 of the pinna. 



The Middle temporal branch passes through an opening in the temporal 

 fascia immediately above the zygoma, and supplies the temporal muscle 

 inosculating with the deep temporal arteries. 



11. The INTERNAL MAXILLARY ARTERY, the other terminal branch of the 

 external carotid, has next to be examined. 



Dissection. The Internal maxillary artery passes inwards behind the 

 neck of the lower jaw to the deep structures in the face ; we require, 

 therefore, to remove several parts for the purpose of seeing it completely. 

 To obtain a good view of the vessel, the zygoma should be sawn across 

 in front of the external ear, and the malar bone near the orbit. Turn 

 down the zygomatic arch with the masseter muscle. In doing this, a 

 small artery and nerve will be seen crossing the sigmoid notch of the 

 lower jaw, and entering the masseter muscle (the masseteric). Cut away 

 the tendon of the temporal muscle from its insertion into the coronoid 

 process, and turn it upwards towards its origin ; some vessels will be seen 

 entering its under surface ; these are the deep temporal. Then saw the 

 ramus of the jaw across its middle, and dislocate it from its articulation 

 with the temporal bone. Be careful in doing this to carry the blade of 

 the knife close to the bone, lest any branches of nerves should be injured. 

 Next raise this portion of bone, and with it the external pterygoid muscle. 

 The artery, together with the deep branches of the inferior maxillary nerve, 

 will be seen lying on the pterygoid muscles. These are to be carefully 

 freed from fat and areolar tissue, and then examined. 



This artery commences in the substance of the parotid gland, opposite 

 the meatus auditorius externus ; it passes in the first instance horizontally 

 forward behind the neck of the lower jaw ; next, curves around the lowei 

 border of the external pterygoid muscle near its origin, and ascends ob- 

 liquely forwards upon the outer side of that muscle ; it then passes between 



